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AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF GRASSLANDS IN THE PODRINJE REGION AS A SOURCE OF HEALTHY ANIMAL FEED
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Radović, Jasmina; Racić, Nedeljko; Sokolović, Dejan; Jerinić, Svetlana; Lugić, Zoran
Grasslands are widespread terrestrial ecosystems with the primary agronomic importance of providing quality fodder for domestic animals. Recent studies have revealed that grasslands in Serbia have an unfavorable floristic composition and low yield, and that they are an insufficient and frequently improperly used resource. The goal of this study was to assess the condition of the grasslands in the Podrinje region using a sample of 49 farms' actively used grasslands. Each of the 49 grasslands was subjected to soil and biomass analyses. Soil laboratory analyses determined the pH value, mineral element content (N, P, K), and carbonate content, whereas biomass analyses determined crude protein content, fiber content (ADF and NDF), and fat content. According to Braun-Blanquet, phytocenological releve were taken on a portion of the grasslands. The results show that the majority of grasslands grow on soils with a low pH value (38), and that the 60% of biomass sampls had a low protein content (>8%), indicating a low nutritional value. Both the low amount of legumes in grasslands - 36 samples had less than 10% of legumes in biomass - and late mowing during the flowering and seed-ripening stages have been attributed for this condition. All farmers received instructions to take steps to improve the floristic composition of grasslands and, as a result, the quality of produced fodder, which will have a positive economic impact in the near future.
An overview of the flora of the special nature reserve "Osredak" a decade upon the completion of the conservation study
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2022-01-25) Petrović, Mirjana; Prijović, Mladen; Živković-Antić, Ivana; Stojanović, Verica; Vymyslický, Tomaš; Stepić, Marija; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan
Since 2020, the "Osredak" Special Nature Reserve has been a protected natural area of the Republic of Serbia, of regional, i.e. great importance. It is situated in central Serbia, along both banks of the West Morava. The area was designated as protected in order to conserve the bog habitats of the Morava River valley, as well as old bayous, ponds and lakes, which were created by decades of gravel extraction. The public-utility company "Kruševac" manages this area, and at its request, cooperation was established with the Istitute for fodder crops Kruševac in order to update the Reserve's flora inventory, with an emphasis on protected plant species, but also on invasive alien species. A list of all plant taxa that have been recorded in the Reserve so far (169 species) and specific solutions that might contribute to the conservation and improvement of natural values of the "Osredak" special nature reserve have also been included in this paper.
Analysis of the relationship of the most important traits in meadow fescue
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2021-10-07) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Prijović, Mladen; Bekčić, Filip
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the most important perennial grasses foranimal feed production on grasslands. It is characterized by high and stabile yield potential andgood biomass quality. The aim of this study was to determine genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of seven most important traits of two synthetic cultivars (Kruševački 21 and Pradel). Individual plants for hybridization, in order to obtain progeny by the method of Comstock and Robinson, were selected completely randomly. In order to examine the obtained progeny, the study was performed in an experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops, in two replications. The experiment was set up according to the Nested Design I, with sets within the replications. In Kruševački 21, 60 full-sib progeny were studied in two sets, while in the Pradel a total of 39 full-sib progeny were studied. Within each full-sib progeny, 60 plants were analyzed. Statistically and high statistically relation was obtained between some traits and presented as genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rf) correlation coefficients. In cultivar K-21 very high statistically significant genetic correlation coefficients were determined between heading date and leaf length (rg=0.873**), plant height and number of generative tillers per plant (rg=0.893**) and dry matter yield in the first cut and annual dry matter yield (rg=0.988**). In cultivar Pradel very high statistically significant relationship was obtained between heading date and plant height (rg=0.978**), heading date and number of vegetative tillers per plant (rg=0.926**) and annual dry matter yield with one side, and plant height (rg=0.912**) and dry matter yield in the first cut (rg=0.978**), on the other side.
Botanical composition and biomass quality in natural grasslands of southeast part of Serbia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2022-10-06) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Prijović, Mladen; Tomić, Dalibor; Lazarević, Đorđe
EFFECT OF AZOTOBACTER SPP. ON INITIAL GROWTH OF GRASSES
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Andjelković, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Lugić, Zoran; Jevtić, Goran; Radović, Jasmina; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana
The composition of the microbial community in rhizosphere can affect plant growth, nutrients uptake, and stress tolerance. In rhizosphere bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter there are free nitrogen-fixers promoting growth and health of plants. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different native isolates (SA74, SB94, MA7 and their combination) Azotobacter spp. on initial growth of plants tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Scherb) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds). The experiment was carried out in semi-controlled conditions. For this study, seeds of tall fescue cultivar Kruševački 20 (K-20) and meadow fescue cultivar Kruševački 21 (K-21) were planted in pots filled with alluvial soil with slightly acidic reaction. The height, green mass per plant, root length and root weight per plant were determined. Four variants of microbial inoculation were compared with the growth of non-inoculated control. The significance of difference between examined treatments was determined by Fisher’s LSD test (p<0.05). At tall fescue, applied isolate SB94 in all investigated parameters had a negative effect. The two other isolates as well as combination of three isolates had a positive effect on initial growth of plants. Only in plant height, the application of a combination of isolates did not have positive result compared to the control. At meadow fescue, inoculation with combined isolates positively influenced plant height andgreen mass per plant. Root length was significantly increased only in treatment with isolate MA7. The influence of inoculation on root weight per plant was not noted.
Expected genetic gain of the most important traits in the breeding process of the meadow fescue.
(2025-09-01) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Prijović, Mladen; Andjelković, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Zornic, Vladimir; Radović, Jasmina
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is an important perennial forage grass for animal feed production on grasslands and pastures, with high yield potential and good-quality biomass. During the breeding process, it is often necessary to predict, based on the results of the initial selection cycles, how much a certain trait can be improved. To that end, it is necessary to determine the expected genetic gain (ΔGe), a parameter that tells us how much a trait can be improved by breeding it alone in the following period. Individual plants for hybridization, to obtain progeny by the method of Comstock and Robinson, were selected completely randomly. To examine the obtained progeny, the study was performed in an experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops, in two replications. The experiment was set up according to the Nested Design I, with sets within the replications. In cv. Kruševački 21 (K-21), 60 full-sib progeny were studied in two sets, while in the cv. Pradel a total of 39 full-sib progeny were studied. Within each full-sib progeny, 60 plants were analyzed. In both cultivars, the highest expected genetic gain was determined for the number of generative and vegetative tillers per plant and dry matter yield per plant. The least success can be achieved by improving the heading date and crude protein content in the 1st cut in cv. K-21, and in cv. Pradel for traits leaf length and crude protein content in the 1st cut. By breeding individual traits, based on the obtained results, a large genetic gain is expected in many studied traits. Considering the existence of correlations between the most important agronomic traits, it is observed that often, by breeding one trait, a negative response is encountered in another trait. For this reason, the expected indirect genetic gain from selection was calculated, i.e., the effect of breeding one trait on other ordered traits. In the cv. K-21, achieving the expected genetic gain in plant height, would lead to a decrease in dry matter yield and leaf length. By creating later cultivars, the result would be a cultivar with a smaller number of generative tillers and a lower protein content in the first cut. Successful breeding for increased crude protein content in the first cut of 9.9 gkg-1 would result in a significant reduction in dry matter yield, followed by a reduction in the number of vegetative and generative tillers, but also earlier maturity. In cv. Pradel, a positive effect of the selection of individual traits on other studied traits was recorded for most of the traits. The only realization of the expected genetic gain in the increase in leaf length would result in a decrease in the number of vegetative tillers per plant.
Fiziološki i biohemijski odgovori engleskog ljulja (Lolium perenne L.) na vodni deficit: Procena potencijala za oplemenjivanje novih sorti otpornih na sušu.
(Институт за крмно биље, Крушевац Друштво за крмно биље Републике Србије, Крушевац, 2024-09-26) Prijović, Mladen; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Babić, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Racić, Nedeljko; Lazarević, Đorđe; Sabovljević, Aneta
У светлу глобалних климатских промена, обезбеђивање довољне количине хране постаје све већи изазов. Узгајање високоприносних и на стрес отпорних сорти крмног биља и житарица кључ је успешне и одрживе сточарске производње. Енглески љуљ (Lolium perenne L.), због својих бројних корисних особина, представља једну од најважнијих вишегодишњих крмних трава умереног климата, чинећи основу многих ливада и пашњака. Како се ови системи не заливају, енглески љуљ је све више изложен дуготрајним сушама током године, посебно у летњим месецима. Стога постоји хитна потреба за побољшањем његове толеранције на сушу и одрживости у умерено- континенталном климату, нарочито на травњацима са све чешћим дефицитом воде (Bothe, 2018). Једна од стратегија је унапређење физиолошких и биохемијских особина код нових сорти кроз различите процесе оплемењивања, без значајног нарушавања нутритивне вредности и прилагодљивости испаши. Да би се то постигло, потребно је прво детаљно испитати све факторе адаптације и аклиматизације на сушу, који би се могли користити као критеријуми за унапређење толеранције на сушу код будућег оплемењивачког материјала а затим идентификовати и њихову молекуларну основу, што је циљ овог истраживања. Испитивање варијабилности енглеског љуља на водни дефицит спроведено је на одабраним генотиповима из атлантског (сорта Shandon) и умерено-континенталног климата (сорта К-11 и експериментална оплемењивачка популација) у фази вегетативног раста.
Forage quality of different Festulolium cultivars
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2022-10-06) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Jevtić, Goran; Prijović, Mladen; Racić, Nedeljko
Hybrids created by crossing between genera Festuca and Lolium species are Festulolium.Crossing species of these genera aim to combine their positive characteristics, such as Festuca tolerance to abiotic stresses and edaphic and climatic conditions with the high quality and digestibility of Lolium perenne and Lolium multiflorum species. Forage quality of 15 different Lolioid Festulolium cultivars and six cultivars of Festuca and Lolium pure species were investigated in a moderate continental climate in Kruševac, Serbia. Plots in the trial (7,5 m2 ) were completely randomized, each in three replications. In the year of establishment, the plots were cut without weighing and taking samples. In the next two years, two cuts were taken. The first cut was done at the beginning of the heading (the first half of May) and the second in the first half of July. On dry samples, from two cuts, the content of crude protein, crude cellulose, crude fat, ash, ADF, NDF and ADL was determined by standard laboratory methods. Results were presented as two-year average values. The best dry matter quality of Festulolium cultivars was determined for cultivars AberNiche and Felopa. The highest crude protein content in the first cut was determined for AberNiche (187.1 gkg-1 ) and Felopa (169.6 gkg-1). Also, the same cultivars noted the lowest values for ADF (296.7 and 303.5 gkg-1 ) and for AberNiche was determined the lowest ADL contet (35.4 gkg-1 ) in the first cut. These cultivars are in the group of cultivars with the lowest NDF value. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the analyzed Festulolium cultivars have a higher crude protein content compared to the cultivars of Festuca pure species, but lower than Lolium species.
Genotype by environment interactions and phenotypic traits stability of the EUCLEG faba bean collection
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-01-29) Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Solís, D.; Cougnon, M.; Gutierrez, N.; Pärssinen, P.; Reheul, D.; Radović, Jasmina; Torres, A. M.
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important pulse crop traditionally used for human nutrition and animal feeding. With a high protein content ranging from 24% to 35% of seed dry matter, considerable amounts of globulins, essential amino acids and minerals, faba bean is today an important source meeting the growing global demand for nutritious food. The objective of study was to investigate the variability of nine phenological, phenotypical and yield related traits in 220 faba bean accessions in multi-location trials across four representative European regions. Nine field trials were carried out from 2018 till 2020 in four representative European locations (Spain, Finland, Belgium and Serbia) using an augmented p-rep design containing 20 replicated checks. Significant differences among genotypes and environments were detected, being the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) the major source of variation in five of the nine evaluated traits. The “which-won-where” analyses identified two mega-environment namely South European mega environment (SE-ME) and North European mega environment (NE-ME), while the best performing and most stable genotypes according to the nine traits were identified using “means vs stability” analyses. According to the highest trait value in each mega environment several winning genotypes were identified showing better performances than some commercial varieties (controls) or checks. Our results suggest that the geographical locations falling into each mega-environment can be used as faba bean test locations. The genotype ranking for the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) revealed that the most stable and best ranking genotypes in SE-ME are G018, G086, G081, G170 and G015 while in the north mega-environment are G091, G171, G177 (Merkur), G029 and G027. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analyses showed a clear correlation between the traits analysed and the botanical type. These findings indicate that botanical type is one of the most significant factors affecting development in any environment, and it must be taken into account in faba bean breeding activities. The information derived from this study provides a chance for breeding new resilient faba bean cultivars adapted to different agroecological European regions, a critical point for addressing Europe’s reliance on protein imports and enhancing sustainable agriculture practices.
Heritability and variability of the most important traits of meadow fescue synthetic cultivars
(Agricultural Research Ltd. Troubsko, Czech Republic, 2023-09-10) Babić, Snežana; Radović, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Jevtić, Goran; Prijović, Mladen; Sokolović, Dejan
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the most important perennial grasses for animal feed production on grasslands. It is characterized by high and stable yield potential and good biomass quality. The aim of this study was to determine the broad and narrow sense heritability and genetic (CVG%) and phenotypic (CVF%) coefficient of variation of the most important traits of two synthetic cultivars (Kruševački 21 and Pradel).
Increasing Drought Tolerance of Forage Perennial Ryegrass by Improvement of Root Characteristics
(Institutul Național de Cercetare Dezvoltare Agricolă Fundulea, 2025) Prijović, Mladen; Sokolović, Dejan; Radović, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Jevtić, Goran; Babić, Snežana
Perennial ryegrass is an essential cool-season forage grass with high-quality biomass, but with pronounced sensitivity to drought. This research was aimed to determine the shoot dry matter and root characteristics of perennial ryegrass populations (cultivar K-11 and breeding population LPb3). 20 randomly chosen individual plants per population were clonally divided into twelve small parts, remets, and transferred into the plastic root-screening tubes for root length and depth density evaluation. Also, shoot dry matter (SDM) was analysed. The experiment was designed as a two-factorial design, with population and watering regime as factors (2x4), in three replications. Analysed populations showed different root and shoot characteristics, especially in treatments with water reduction. Significant differences for most of the analysed traits between treatments were determined. Shoot dry matter was higher by 9% on average in population LPb3 than in K-11. Also, the dry matter yield of the total root dry matter (TRDM) was larger in LPb3. Treatments significantly affected total root dry matter, which dropped with water reduction. Dry matter of roots below 90 cm (RB90) was statistically significantly higher in LPb3 than in K-11. Broad-sense heritability and estimated genetic gain for most analysed traits were higher in population LPb3 than in K-11. The breeding of all investigated traits in this perennial ryegrass material is promising, especially in population LPb3.
INSTITUT ZA KRMNO BILJE, KRUŠEVAC, 140 GODINA U SLUŽBI RAZVOJA POLJOPRIVREDE
(Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela Kragujevac, 2023-06-22) Lugić, Zoran; Sokolović, Dejan; Radović, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Milenković, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana
Institut za krmno bilje u Kruševcu je akreditovani istraživačko razvojni institut. Formiran je 1884. godine, kao Ugledno dobro i vrt, koje je imalo za cilj unapređenje ukupne poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Od 1959. godine, bavi se isključivo istraživanjem krmnog bilja. Glavna istraživanja u Institutu su proučavanje i očuvanje postojećih genetičkih resursa, unapređenje genetičkog potencijala krmnih biljaka, tehnologija proizvodnje i konzervisanja krmnog bilja na oranicama i travnjacima, a sve u cilju unapređenja stočarske proivodnje. Do sada je u Institutu stvoreno preko 40 novih sorti krmnih vrsta. U poslednjih deset godina odbranjeno je 8 doktorskih disertacija, objavljeno preko 250 naučnih radova i saopštenja, a istraživači Instituta su učestvovali, pored nacionalnih i u međunarodnim projektima (EUREKA, TEMPUS, HORISON), što ukazuje da institut ima značajno mesto u domaćoj i međunarodnoj naučnoj zajednici. U saradnji sa Ministarstvom poljoprivrede i lokalnim samoupravama, realizovani su projekti navelikom broju gazdinstava, čiji je cilj primena dobijenih rezultata istraživanja u praksu. Dugogodišnja tradicija, iskustvo i dosadašnji rezultati čine da je Institut ustanova koja je i dalje u službi razvoja poljoprivrede, kojoj poljoprivredni prozvođači veruju.
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan ; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický, T.; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović, Zora
The content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A isoflavones was studied in natural populations of red and Hungarian clover, to estimate their impact on fodder quality and to determine directions in possible breeding programs. The study included 6 red clover (Trifolium pratense) and 6 Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum) populations, collected in the central Balkans. The differences between the species and among the populations were analysed. The average content of total isoflavones was 1.393 mg g-1 and 0.487 mg g-1 of air dry matter in Hungarian clover, respectively. While the most prevailed isoflavone in red clover was biochanin A (46%), the Hungarian clover populations were rich in genistein (43%). The red clover leaves accumulated the highest content of isoflavones. The Hungarian clover flowers and leaves had an equal amount of isoflavones. The obtained values of the total isoflavones could not affect the overall nutrient quality and therefore, researched natural populations of two clover species could be considered for further breeding programs.
Kruševačka 50 (K-50)
(2019) Lugić, Zoran; Petrović, Mirjana; Radović, Jasmina; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir
Morpho-biochemical response perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations to water shortage
(Palacký University Olomouc, 2023-09-10) Prijović, Mladen; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Stepić, Marija; Lazarević, Đorđe; Sabovljević, Aneta
Drought is one of the most significant effects of global climate change. It is expected to be more intense in some parts of southern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula in the next decade. Drought stress is the most important restriction factor for food and feed productivity. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) forms the basis of grassland production in temperate pastures and represents one of the most important forage grasses globally.
NPK FERTILIZER ADDITION EFFECT ON NARDUS STRICTA TYPE GRASSLAND IN KOPAONIK MOUNTINE
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2023-03-17) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Djurovic, V; Sokolović, Dejan; Tomić, Dalibor
This study examines how the addition of NPK fertilizers impacts the change in Nardus stricta type grasslands. The investigation was carried out on the mountain Kopaonik between 2009 and 2012. The effects of four fertilizing treatments: control; N60 (N60P60K60); N90 (N90P60K60); N120 (N120P60K60) on plant species composition, Shannon evenness, and EGQ (evaluation grassland quality index) were researched. The control treatment was dominated by Nardus stricta species, while Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris presence was a feature of fertilizing treatments. The highest nitrogen intake (N120) had Shannon evenness that was very similar to that of the control. All fertilizing treatments resulted in increasing forage value.
OPLEMENJIVANJE VIŠEGODIŠNJIH TRAVA U SRBIJI
(Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela Kragujevac, 2023-06-22) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Radović, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Jevtić, Goran; Prijović, Mladen
Višegodišnje trave kao baza održivog stočarstva i industrije stočne hrane, predstavljaju osnovnu hranu preživara u oblastima umerenog klimata. Kao komponente prirodnih i sejanih travnjaka koriste se putem ispaše, kosidbe, senaže i silaže. Najvažnije vrste za stočnu hranu su: ježevica, engleski ljulj, livadski vijuk, visoki vijuk, mačji rep, italijanski ljulj, francuski ljulj, crveni vijuk i bezosni vlasen. Genotip, odnosno sorta u prinosu višegodišnjih trava učestvuje i više od 50%. Najbitniji preduslov uspešnog oplemenjivanja je visok stepen genetičke varijabilnosti u početnom oplemenjivačkom materijalu. Osnovne osobine na koje se vrši selekcija su prinos i kvalitet suve materije, vreme stasavanja, perzistentnost i tolerancija na sušu i prinos semena. Najčešće korišćena metoda oplemenjivanja je fenotipska rekurentna selekcija, modifikovana u cilju skraćenja ciklusa selekcije i redukcije nepoželjnih ukrštanja, praćena polikros metodom ukrštanja i formiranjem sintetičke sorte. Dugogodišnjim oplemenjivačkim radom u Institutu za krmno bilje Kruševac je stvorena 21 krmna i 1 parkovska sorta višegodišnjih trava.
Persistency and productivity of Festulolium cultivars in agroecological conditions of Serbia
(2022) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Kopecky, D.; Ghesquière, M.; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Prijović, Mladen
Festulolium are hybrids obtained by inter crossing of species from the genera Festuca and Lolium. Initially, idea was to combine Festuca tolerance to abiotic stresses and edaphic and climatic adaptability with Lolium high yield, digestibility and compatibility with intensive grasslands management. All Festulolium cultivars of the predominant contribution of Lolium genome (Lolioid type) are productive, with high quality and digestible forage, but their areal of cropping is limited according to Lolium drought susceptibility. Persistency and productivity of 15 different Lolioid Festulolium cultivars and 6 standard Festuca and Lolium species cultivars were investigated in a moderate continental climate in Kruševac, Serbia. Plots in the trial (7,5m2 ) were completely randomized, each in 3 replications. Summer persistency was analyzed by evaluation of ground cover reduction after summer periods in the second and third years. Concerning hybrid combination, best persistency (38.5% of coverage reduction in the third year) was determined for hybrid between Lolium multiflorum x Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens even though there was only one cultivar of this type. The majority of cultivars were Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis hybrids (8) and they showed residual coverage between 30 and 52%. At the end of the third year of the study, the highest dry matter yield was determined for hybrids Lolium multiflorum x Festuca gigantea and Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis type. The general conclusion is that most cultivars suffered from severe stand density reduction after the first year of cutting and therefore had a lower dry matter yield compared to Festuca control cultivars, but showed significantly better persistency and higher values for dry matter yield in comparison with Lolium cultivars.
Previous achievements and trends in fodder crops breeding
(Serbian Genetic Society, 2024-10-02) Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Lugić, Zoran; Radović, Jasmina; Sokolović, Dejan; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana
The breeding of fodder crops began in Serbia in 1930s. Together with other Serbian institutions that have made a significant contribution to the development of the entire research area, the Institute for forage crops Kruševac has been active in the process of selection and breeding of all commercially recognized forage species for decades. Over the past decades, 39 varieties of fodder species, 22 grasses, and 17 legumes were selected in Kruševac. The most common approach for creating varieties was phenotypic recurrent selection. In contrast to the traditional approach, which relies on phenotyping tools, modern breeding includes genotyping tools as well as software for data collection and processing, making the breeding process faster but more complex and challenging. The Institute currently conducts two simultaneous breeding programs of English ryegrass and alfalfa using molecular and biochemical methods. English ryegrass is selected to produce drought-tolerant variants, whereas alfalfa research is focused on developing genotypes that are resistant to the acidity of the soil. Furthermore, as members of the European research community, we conduct very complex pre breeding research on red clover, faba bean, birdsfoot trefoil, and sainfoin, in which a large number of genotypes are tested throughout Europe and the selection process is aimed at selecting genotypes that have the potential to be applied in a large geographical areas, known as the mega environments. A holistic approach to fodder species breeding, as well as the use of novel technologies, provide a promising outlook for the successful breeding of this group of plants.