Browsing by Author "Bekčić, Filip"

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Analysis of the relationship of the most important traits in meadow fescue
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2021-10-07) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Prijović, Mladen; Bekčić, Filip
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the most important perennial grasses foranimal feed production on grasslands. It is characterized by high and stabile yield potential andgood biomass quality. The aim of this study was to determine genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of seven most important traits of two synthetic cultivars (Kruševački 21 and Pradel). Individual plants for hybridization, in order to obtain progeny by the method of Comstock and Robinson, were selected completely randomly. In order to examine the obtained progeny, the study was performed in an experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops, in two replications. The experiment was set up according to the Nested Design I, with sets within the replications. In Kruševački 21, 60 full-sib progeny were studied in two sets, while in the Pradel a total of 39 full-sib progeny were studied. Within each full-sib progeny, 60 plants were analyzed. Statistically and high statistically relation was obtained between some traits and presented as genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rf) correlation coefficients. In cultivar K-21 very high statistically significant genetic correlation coefficients were determined between heading date and leaf length (rg=0.873**), plant height and number of generative tillers per plant (rg=0.893**) and dry matter yield in the first cut and annual dry matter yield (rg=0.988**). In cultivar Pradel very high statistically significant relationship was obtained between heading date and plant height (rg=0.978**), heading date and number of vegetative tillers per plant (rg=0.926**) and annual dry matter yield with one side, and plant height (rg=0.912**) and dry matter yield in the first cut (rg=0.978**), on the other side.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF RHIZOBIA AGAINST RED CLOVER PATHOGENS FROM GENUS FUSARIUM
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Bekčić, Filip; Duduk, Natasa; Lugić, Zoran; Radović, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume that can be found in nature or as cultivated crop in monoculture or in grass-legume mixtures. The great importance of red clover is the fact that it lives in symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifoli. In addition to promoting plant growth, productivity and biomass, the bacteria also have an important role in disease control. Apart from useful microorganisms, many soil pathogenic microorganisms inhabit red clover roots and under favorable conditions they cause infections and diseases of the cultivated plants. On the infected red clover plants Fusarium spp. can cause several symptoms: vascular wilt on older plants, dumping of seedlings, root rot, rot of root base and crown rot. In the present study, the antagonistic potential was evaluated for two bacteria isolates preliminarily determined as R. leguminosarum bv. trifoli (CD1 and CD6) against three isolates Fusarium spp. (G1, G2 and G3) who were obtained from the roots of symptomatic red clover plants. The research was performed in in vitro agar plate (PDA medium) by methods of dual culture (“bacterial ring”). The comparison of growth assessment of fungi after they were grown together with rhizobia in a single plate and growth of fungi in individual plates was performed. Both rhizobia isolates showed significant antifungal activity against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Growth inhibition of G1, G2 and G3 was evaluated (%) using both rhizobia isolates, CD1 varied from 30 to 43 % and CD6 from 14 to 32 %.
ANTIFUNGALNA AKTIVNOST ETARSKOG ULJA SATUREJA MONTANA L. PREMA ALTERNARIA SP., PATOGENA STEPSKOG BOŽURA
(Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Beograd, 2023-11-27) Mikić, Sara; Stević, Tatijana; Mrđan, Snežana; Vučković, Nina; Bekčić, Filip; Prijić, Željana; Marković, Tatijana
Rtanjski čaj, planinski čubar ili vrijesak (Satureja montana L.) je višegodišnja žbunasta biljka iz familije Lamiaceae, koja vodi poreklo iz umereno toplih područja Evrope, Mediterana i Afrike. U narodnoj medicini se koristi kao čaj za lečenje bolesti respiratornog, digestivnog i urinarnog sistema. Za spoljnu upotrebu se koristi prilikom upala kože i sluzokože, a kao začin i aromatični dodatak jelima u kulinarstvu. U industrijskoj preradi se koristi za dobijanje etarskog ulja. Etarsko ulje se dobija iz nadzemnog dela biljke. Hemijske komponente ulja su karvakrol, timol, β-kariofilen, γ-terpen, ρ-cimen, linalol i druge. U industriji parfema se kombinuje sa drugim uljima ili koristi samostalno. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita antifungalna aktivnost tri hemotipa etarskog ulja Satureja montana L. prema Alternaria sp. izolovanu iz stabla stepskog božura (Paeonia tenuifolia L.).
Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A pathogen of red clover in Serbia
(2025-09-01) Bekčić, Filip; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana; Duduk, N.; Vico, I.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in Serbia has a long history of cultivating due to its favorable growing characteristics and its high nutritional value, but it is susceptible to the variety of fungal pathogens that can limit its yield and shorten the plants lifespan. Rhizoctonia spp. represent a very important genus of phytopathogenic fungi that inhabit the soil and can infect a vast verity of cultivated plants (Vojvodić, 2021). Sampling of red clover plant F2 with symptoms of stunting and necrosis of leaves and stems was done on 05.11.2020. on red clover monoculture plot in Globoder, Serbia (43°34'56.9"N 21°12'08.2"E). Plant F2 root surface was dark colored with sporadical cracks in the root epidermis. The root cross sections showed dark brown necrotic tissue of central cylinder, which was used for pathogen isolation. Obtained isolate had an average growth of 75,67 mm after seven days at 25° C and was designated F2B. After acquiring a hyphal tip fungal colony macromorphological and micromorphological features were examined on PDA medium. The culture had a woolly structure, mycelium color was paled beige with shades of light brown, sclerotia structures were not present. Microscope examination showed septate hyphae (average width 9,3 µm) with characteristic 90° branching, constriction at the branching point and a septa in the immediate vicinity (Picture 1.). Obtained morphological features were in accordance with the features of the Rhizoctonia genus. Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed on red clover plants and detached plant parts by three pathogenicity tests. The first test consisted of detached red clover leaves inoculation and measuring of lesion diameter (average 6.23 mm), the second was inoculation of red clover stem fragments (40 mm) with measuring of necrotic stem part length (average 27,65 mm) after seven days of incubation at 25° C. The third pathogenisity test consisted of inoculation of 150 days old red clover plants in semi controlled environment (Yli-Mattila et al., 2008). Inoculation spot was on the main clover roots, about 20 mm from the plant crown and scoring was done 60 days after. Leaves and stems symptoms were visible on seven plants, but the root symptoms were present in all 12 treatment plants, while control plants remained symptomless. Average width of the root necrotic tissue was 2,36 mm and length was 24,28 mm. Species level identification was done by isolating genomic DNA followed by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) using ITS1/ITS4 primer pair. BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that isolate F2B was identical with several reference sequences of binucleate Rhizoctonia AGA deposited in NCBI GenBank. Based on morphological, pathogenic and molecular features of the isolate F2B, the pathogen of red clover that caused rot root was identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A.
Ca:P ratio and content of Ca and P in some annual legumes – oat mixtures depending on seeding rate and stage of growth.
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2020-10-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, T.; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Babić, Snežana
Calcium and phosphorus are particularly important for animal health. The dietary levels of Ca and P should be balanced to increase their availability and utilization. The research was conducted at Institute for forage crops Kruševac in 2015-2016 to determine the effects of seeding rates in mixtures of pea : oat and common vetch : oat and cutting stages on the Ca and P content, as well as Ca : P ratio. The experiment was performed using five different mixture rates of pea and oat crops, five different mixture rates of common vetch and oat crops and three different cutting stages (beginning of pea and common vetch flowering – 10% of flowering, forming the first pods on 2/3 pea and common vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods). Results of investigation showed that Ca content was the highest at the forming the first pods on 2/3 pea and common vetch plants, while phosphorus content increased from 2.70 to 3.40 g kg-1 with common vetch growth and development and from 2.57 to 3.10 g kg-1 with pea growth and development. Pure sown common vetch and pea were characterized by the highest average Ca and P content. Ca : P ratio decreased with plant growth and development in pea : oat mixtures, as well as in common vetch : oat mixtures. The highest Ca : P ratio was recorded in pure sown common vetch and pure sown pea, whereas the lowest Ca : P ratio was recorded in pure sown oat.
Concentration of some microelements, their mutual relationship and association with cell wall components in the dry matter of red clover
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2024) Marković, Jordan; Racić, Nedeljko; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Kostić, I.; Vasić, Tanja; Živković, Sanja
Minerals are required for virtually all vital processes in the body. A deficiency of each essential macrominerals or microminerals in animals results in abnormalities that can only be corrected by supplementation of the deficient minerals. Forages provide an important source of minerals for ruminants. In some instances, forages may provide adequate quantities of all essential minerals required by ruminants. In other situations, forages are deficient in one or more minerals and supplementation is required for optimal animal performances. The association of certain minerals with fiber or other insoluble plant components could decrease the rate and extent of mineral release from forages in the gastrointestinal tract. Objectives of this study was to determine changes in minerals concentration in dry matter of red clover -- K 39 and K 32 cultivars with advancing plant growth and development in the first cut, and to measure the amount of minerals associated with the cell wall components. Three stages of red clover cultivars -- mid bud stage, early bloom and mid bloom, were examined in the first cut. The experiment was established as a completely randomized block design in three replications. The concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were measured by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. Analyses of variances revealed significant differences between stages of plant development for investigated minerals. The highest proportion of Cu and Mn were associated with cell wall components of red clover.
GENETIČKI ODGOVOR LUCERKE NA TOKSIČNO DELOVANJE JONA ALUMINIJUMA NA KISELOJ HIDROPONSKOJ KULTURI
(Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd, 2023-10-16) Stepić, Marija; Bekčić, Filip; Prijović, Mladen; Radović, Jasmina; Zdravković, Jasmina
Toksičan efekat aluminijuma veoma je važan faktor koji ograničava rast i razviće korena lucerke (Medicago sativa L.) na kiselim zemljištima što dovodi do smanjenja prinosa. Cilj eksperimenta bio je da se utvrdi uticaj aluminijuma na: dužinu korena, svežu nadzemnu masu, svežu masu korena, broj bočnih korenova, dužinu bočnih korenova i na rastojanje do prvog bočnog grananja na korenu kod klijanaca tri sorte lucerke (Zuzana, K-28, O-66) u hidroponskoj kulturi u kontrolisanim uslovima. Korišćen je Hoaglandov rastvor ½ jačine pH vrednosti 4.5, za tretman je korišćen aluminijum u formi aluminijum-hlorida (koncentracije 100 µM) i za analize je korišćeno 40 klijanaca po sorti.
Lignification as the major factor limiting red clover DM and NDF digestibility.
(University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy [in] Čačak, 2024-03-14) Marković, Jordan; Racić, Nedeljko; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Vasić, Tanja; Živković, Sanja; Cekić, Bogdan
NDF is a good indicator of fiber content in forages, but on the other hand NDF digestibility gives more accurate estimates of total digestible nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate two red clover cultivars for NDF digestibility and DM digestibility depending on the stage of the development - mid bud stage, early bloom and mid bloom, harvesting in three different cuts. Results of this study showed that lignin content increased with plant maturation in all three cuts. The highest lignin content was determined in the third cut ranged from 5.87 to 5.92% and 5.56 to 6.53% in DM of K 39 and K 32 red clover cultivars. Intensive lignifications of cell wall in the third cut influenced the highest decreasing of NDF digestibility.
Microbiological and chemical properties of agricultural soils in South-western Serbia
(Serbian Society of Soil Science, 2021-09-21) Andjelković, Snežana; Lugić, Zoran; Babić, Snežana; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Bekčić, Filip
Soil management is important to all agricultural systems and the reduction of soil degradation is a base to sustain future plants production. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil are the most important properties that affect the number of microorganisms, especially pH and organic matter content. The aim of this investigation was to examine microbiological and basic chemical properties of agricultural soils in the south-western part of Serbia. Soil samples from 62 localities of agricultural soil were taken aseptically from a depth of 0-25 cm. Based on the pH value tested soils are acidic, between 3.96 and 6.20, with medium content of humus. Results of this study showed that the presence of microorganisms in the tested soil samples is influenced by numerous factors and that each soil provides different conditions for life of microbes. The total number of microorganisms in soil samples varied from 18 to 122 x 106, the number of free-living nitrogen-fixers from 17 to 95 x 105 and fungi in the range from 3 to 55 x 104 per one gram of absolutely dry soil.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS-RED CLOVER MIXTURES DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING RATE IN THE MIXTURES
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Zornic, Vladimir; Racić, Nedeljko; Bekčić, Filip; Stepić, Marija; Kostić, Ivica
More profitable production and better forage quality is achieved by growing grasses and legumes in mixtures. Growing grasses in a mixture with legumes influences a significant amount of nitrogen fixed by Rhizobium bacteria and reduce the using of nitrogen mineral fertilization. Italian ryegrass is an ideal species for growing in a mixture with red clover. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of Italian ryegrass – red clover mixtures depending on the seeding rate of these plants in the mixtures, in the fist and the second cut. Since the trial was not fertilized with N the legumes were required to supply N. The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops Kruševac, Serbia, according to a total randomized block system in three replications. The results of this study showed that better nutritive value was determined in the mixtures with higher seeding rate of red clover in the mixture. In the first cut, the nutritive value of the mixture with the highest Italian ryegrass seeding rate was similar with nutritive value of red clover monocrop. Generally, in conclusion, growing Italian ryegrass in a bi-crop with red clover produces forage of high nutritive value suitable for ruminants feeding.
Penicillium crustosum - проузроковач плаве трулежи плодова нектарине
(Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, 2022-11-28) Bekčić, Filip; Vico, I.; Vučković, N.; Mikić, S.; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana; Duduk, Natasa
Primarily protein fractions by CNCPS (Cornell Net Carbohydrates and Protein System) of apple pomace silages
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture (RIMSA), 2022) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Racić, Nedeljko; Stepić, Marija; Bekčić, Filip; Kostić, I.; Vasić, Tanja
Apple pomace is a nutrient that can be included in a ruminant meal, as fresh, dried and ensiled. Drying the pomace would contribute to its inclusion in the concentrate mixture or as a single feed. The aim of this study was to quantify the primarily protein fractions by CNCPS (Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System) in apple pomace silages ensiled with dry beet pulp, sunflower meal and sugar beet pulp with inoculant andwithout inoculant. Apple pomace (AP) was obtained from the factory Vino Župa Aleksandrovac. Study treatments in the present research of the apple pomace sillage were: added feed (A) and applied inoculant (B): A1- ensiled apple pomace 100% participation (a1b1-apple pomace without inoculants; a1b2-apple pomace with inoculants; A2- apple pomace 85%+15% of dry beet pulp (a2b1-without inoculants; a2b2 with inoculants); A3-apple pomace 85%+15% sunflower meal (a3b1-without inoculants and a3b2 with inoculants); A4-apple pomace 84%+15% sugar beet pulp+Benural S 1% (a4b1-without inoculants and a4b2 with inoculants). Ensiled apple pomace with sunflower meal had the highest TP content, but the lowest NPN content of CP. Ensiled apple pomace with dry beet pulp had the highest IP, but the lowest SolP of CP. Treatments with inoculants had lower NDICP and ADICP than treatments without inoculants
Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar
(Agricultural and Food Science, 2022-07-07) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Bekčić, Filip; Vasic, Tanja; Živković, Sanja; Štrbanović, Ratibor
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is characterized by high dry matter (DM) yield and a high nutritive value. It has a higher concentration of soluble carbohydrate than lucerne and its protein is less degradable in the rumen than lucerne protein. The aim of this study was to quantify the main crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions of a tetraploid (4n, cv K-32) and a diploid (2n, cv K-39) red clover cultivar harvested at three stages of development in the spring growth. Results showed that the cultivar and stage of development had a large impact on chemical composition and the protein and carbohydrate fractions determined by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). The rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was significantly higher in the tetraploid (272 to 287 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development) than in the diploid red clover cultivar (214 to 268 g kg-1 CP). Rumen degradable carbohydrate concentration was not affected by cultivar but it was significantly influenced by the stage of development. The concentration of rumen degradable protein decreased from 726 to 655 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development in the diploid red clover cultivar. In conclusion, the tetraploid red clover cultivar was higher in CP, its protein was more rapidly degradable, and it was characterized by lower concentrations of lignin and unavailable carbohydrate fractions than the diploid cultivar.
Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar
(Agricultural and Food Science, 2022-07-07) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Bekčić, Filip; Prijović, Mladen; Vasić; Živković; Štrbanović
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is characterized by high dry matter (DM) yield and a high nutritive value. It has a higher concentration of soluble carbohydrate than lucerne and its protein is less degradable in the rumen than lucerne protein. The aim of this study was to quantify the main crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions of a tetraploid (4n, cv K-32) and a diploid (2n, cv K-39) red clover cultivar harvested at three stages of development in the spring growth. Results showed that the cultivar and stage of development had a large impact on chemical composition and the protein and carbohydrate fractions determined by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). The rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was significantly higher in the tetraploid (272 to 287 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development) than in the diploid red clover cultivar (214 to 268 g kg-1 CP). Rumen degradable carbohydrate concentration was not affected by cultivar but it was significantly influenced by the stage of development. The concentration of rumen degradable protein decreased from 726 to 655 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development in the diploid red clover cultivar. In conclusion, the tetraploid red clover cultivar was higher in CP, its protein was more rapidly degradable, and it was characterized by lower concentrations of lignin and unavailable carbohydrate fractions than the diploid cultivar.
Seed size and protein content in dry grains of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) lines originated from Serbian local populations
(LiveSeeding, the Polytechnic University of Coimbra, and supporting organisations and projects, 2025-05-26) Milenković, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana; Stepić, Marija; Bekčić, Filip; Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Perović, D.
In the past, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was an important legume in the Mediterranean diet for both humans and livestock. Today, however, it has largely been forgotten in Serbia. The Serbian Ministry of Agriculture currently recognizes only two commercial varieties of faba bean for animal feed (var. minor). Faba beans intended for human consumption are grown on very small plots of land, primarily for family use. The key factor for the survival of tiny local faba bean populations is the traditional preparation of faba bean tied to Lenten practices observed by Orthodox Christians. During this time, guests are offered a vegan, hummus-style dish made from faba beans. However, this dish is not prepared in all regions of Serbia, or every village. Seeds are infrequently transferred between farmers and are rarely found at the farmer’s markets, so it is feasible to believe that faba bean biodiversity in Serbia is high because maybe every farmer, which produces faba bean, has his own population. The Institute for Forage Crops Kruševac (IKBKS) has launched a research program to collect and evaluate native faba bean populations in Serbia. This collection now has approximately 30 original populations and about 60+ inbreed derived lines. According to preliminary assessments, the grain quality and grain bioactive material content are both a quite high (Milenković et al., 2024, Mitić et al., 2024). In this research, the lines were divided into two groups depending on seed size: major and equine-minor, to evaluate if grain size affects protein content. Because in Serbia the majority of local populations have a major grain size, the lines with equine and minor grain types are joined. The two-year experiment was conducted on the IKBKS plot in two repetitions using a randomized block system. The crude protein content was chemically analyzed using the Kjeldahl method. In this exploratory study, the crude protein content of the dry grain of faba bean lines was investigated in order to choose material for future work on the development of a new high-protein faba bean variety. According to the findings of this study, the protein content of the examined lines ranged between 26-31%, indicating that there is need for future research into the development of high-quality varieties for human or animal consumption. Low-input agriculture is consistent with sustainable farming goals in Serbia, and it can be especially beneficial for smallholder farmers trying to save costs while minimizing their environmental impact. Collecting and cultivating neglected and old species in conventional and organic agriculture can make a significant contribution to healthy food.
Structural and non-structural carbohydrates content of apple pomace silages
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2022-10-06) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, Tanja; Stepić, Marija; Racić, Nedeljko; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Kostić, Ivica
Apple pomace was ensiled without additives and with the addition of 15% dried beet pulp in order to increase the level of DM, 15% of sunflower meal and 15% dry beet pulp and 1% of NPN substances, and each of these treatments with and without inoculant. Apple pomace (AP) was obtained from the factory Vino Župa Aleksandrovac, delivered to the Institute of Forage Crops in Kruševac, location Globoder, on April 2nd 2013 and ensiling was performed on April 3rd 2013. Study treatments in the present research of the apple pomace silage were: added feed (A) and applied inoculant (B): A1 - ensiled apple pomace 100% participation (a1b1 - apple pomace without inoculants; a1b2 - apple pomace with inoculants; A2 - apple pomace 85% + 15% of dry beet pulp (a2b1 - without inoculants; a2b2 with inoculants); A3 - apple pomace 85% + 15% sunflower meal (a3b1 - without inoculants and a3b2 with inoculants); A4 - apple pomace 84% + 15% sugar beet pulp + Benural S 1% (a4b1 - without inoculants and a4b2 with inoculants). Results of these investigations showed that apple pomace silage with dry beet pulp had the highest CHO (817.8 g kg-1 DM), NFC (358.7 g kg-1 DM) and WSC (44.9 g kg-1 DM) contents. This study has shown that apple pomace silages, as a by-product of the technological process has significant nutritional value.
Suitability of field pea:oat and common vetch:oat mixtures for ensiling
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2021-10-07) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, T.; Petrović, Mirjana; Milenković, Jasmina; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Babić, Snežana
The practice of preserving green crops by fermentation as silage has increased dramatically in recent years. Successful ensiling can be difficult due to numerous problems such as: high moisture content, high feed buffer capacity, insufficient amount of fermentable carbohydrates etc. The aim of this investigation was to determine the suitability for ensiling field pea:oat and common vetch:oat mixtures grown at different seeding rate and harvested at different stages of growth. Field pea, common vetch and oat were grown in pure stands and in the mixtures of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 ratios and harvested at three stages of plant development: beginning of field pea and common vetch flowering, forming the first pods in field pea and common vetch and at the forming green seeds in 2/3 field pea and common vetch pods. The most favorable ratio of sugar and buffer capacity for the established level of dry matter in the examined crops was stated in pure oat crop. The results obtained in the mixtures of field pea and oat are based on the ratioof sugar and buffer capacity and can successfully ensile in all three examined relations of germinating grains of field pea and oats. The highest sugar content (182.1 g kg-1 DM) and the highest buffer capacity were determined in the 50:50 field pea:oat mixture at the pea flowering stage of development. The least favorable ratio of sugar and buffer capacity was found in pure common vetch.
The effect of actinomycetes application on green mass yield of red clover
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2021-10-07) Andjelković, Snežana; Lugić, Zoran; Babić, Snežana; Milenković, Jasmina; Jevtić, Goran; Marković, Jordan; Bekčić, Filip
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important and widespread leguminous forage species in temperate agriculture, which is characterized by a high yield of quality biomass. Actinomycetes produce antibiotics and vitamins that act favourably on physiological processes in plants. These microorganisms are present in the soil, however the application of selected microorganisms for seed inoculation leads to better results in crop production. The experiment was carried out in vegetation pots in semi-controlled conditions. This research consisted of investigating the effect of actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp.) application on the green mass per plants of 12 cultivars of red clover of different geographical origin: K-27, K-32, K-38, K-39, Una, Kolubara, Viglana, Manuela, Wilo, Repio, Diana and Longevo. The effect of inoculation was determined out at the onset of flowering. The results obtained showed that the application of microorganisms could affect plant mass yield. The highest value for green mass per plant was achieved in cv. K-39 using inoculum that contained Streptomyces sp. The application of actinomycetes had a positive effect in the most cultivars of red clover and there was a statistically significant difference between inoculated treatments and control, indicating the justification of the use of these microorganisms in plant production.
The presence of free-living nitrogen-fixers in soils of Stara Planina mountain in Serbia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2020) Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Babić, Snežana; Milenković, Jasmina; Jevtić, Goran; Marković, Jordan; Bekčić, Filip
The community structure and number of microorganisms are different in different soil types, and they represent the result of interactions between the soil type, plant species, localization of the microorganism in rhizosphere, anthropogenization and other factors. Certain microorganisms known for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen are also important for the development of healthy soil structure. Furthermore, they are important for the nitrogen input to soils in agroecosystem and represent economically attractive and ecologically acceptable means for reducing external inputs and improving soil quality. Soil samples were taken from pastures and meadows in the area of Stara Planina Mountain. According to its geographical and climatic conditions the area is characterized by typical hilly-mountainous regions with meadow and pasture systems for fodder production. The aim of this research was to examine quality of grasslands soil, so the parameters of soil fertility and number of free-living nitrogen-fixers from 55 locations were determined. The largest number of soil samples were characterized showed good amounts of soil organic matter, high nitrogen content and slightly acidic chemical reaction. Fjodorov agar was used for determining the number of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and their abundance ranged from 6.378 to 7.021 (log of number) per gram of absolutely dry soil.
The response different cultivars of red clover to microbial inoculation
(2022) Andjelković, Snežana; Lugić, Zoran; Babić, Snežana; Milenković, Jasmina; Jevtić, Goran; Bekčić, Filip; Petrović, Mirjana
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of microbial inoculationon on yield parameters different cultivars red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This plant species is economical significance is based on high potential for production of biomass with high content of crude protein in biomass. It is a legume well adapted to poorly drained soils and tolerant to lower soil pH and fertility. The experiment was set up in a greenhouse, in the semi-controlled conditions. For the purposes of research ten commercial red clover cultivars of different geographical origin were used. The inoculation was done using Streptomyces sp. (actinomycetes).