Browsing by Author "Andjelković, Snežana"

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A comparative analysis of plant growth--promoting traits of Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains isolated from Lolium perenne rhizospheric soil in Vojvodina (Serbia) and their effecton the plant yield
(2020) Stamenov, D.R.; Hajnal-Jafari, T.I.; Najvirt, B.; Andjelković, Snežana; Tomić, J.; Đurić, S.S.
The objective of this work was to do a comparative study of Pseudomonas and Bacillus isolates for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential, monitoring the impact of selected isolates on the yield of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Isolation, physiological and biochemical characterization, in vitro assay of enzymatic and plant-growth promoting activities of isolates were done. Pseudomonas isolates have been shown to have the ability to use different sources of carbon, to live in the condition of low pH as well as temperature and to produce siderophore. On the other hand, Bacillus isolates have the ability to solubilize phosphate, to produce a greater amount of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) than Pseudomonas isolates and have an inhibitory effect on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. In other investigated traits, isolates were similar. The use of Pseudomonassp. P12 and Bacillus sp. B1 isolates had a positive effect on the plant mass and total yield, which indicate that the use of these isolates can result in a better yield of forage crops.
A rapid and cost-effective procedure for delineation and utilization of genomic microsatellites for paralleled genotyping in Vicia faba
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015-03-31) Aleksic, Jelena M; Banović Đeri, Bojana; MILJUŠ-ĐUKIĆ Jovanka; JOVANOVIĆ Živko; Mikić, Aleksandar; Ćupina, Branko; ZLATKOVIĆ Bojan; Andjelković, Snežana; Spanu, Ilaria; Jelić, Mihailo; MAKSIMOVIĆ Vesna
Actinobacteria-enhanced plant growth, nutrient acquisition, and crop protection: Advances in soil, plant, and microbial multifactorial interactions
(Elsevier BV, 2022-02) MITRA; MONDAL; KHOSHRU; SENAPATI; RADHA; MAHAKUR; UNIYAL; MYO; BOUTAJ; SIERRA; PANNEERSELVAM; GANESHAMURTHY; Andjelković, Snežana; VASIĆ; RANI; DUTTA; MOHAPATRA
Advances in Bioprocess Monitoring and Control Systems
(IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025-09-05) Kumar, R.; Chattaraj, S.; Gökhan Boyno, G.; Alloun, W.; Andjelković, Snežana; Živković, S.; Guerra Sierra, B. E.; Mitra, D.
The bioprocess monitoring market, valued at $12.3 billion in 2023, is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.1% to reach $20.5 billion by 2030. This growth is driven by biosensors, machine learning, and Industry 4.0. Innovations like Raman spectroscopy and NMR have improved metabolite profiling accuracy, leading to enhanced process control. Artificial intelligence-driven models have reduced batch variability by 20%, while digital twin technologies have reduced process development time by 25%. Automated fed-batch strategies have increased recombinant protein yields by 15-25%, while microfluidic bioreactors enable high-throughput screening with a 5-fold reduction in reagent costs. Soft-sensor technologies have adjusted metabolic flux projections by 35%, reducing process variation. IoT-enabled bioprocessing has reduced manual interventions by 40%, improving operational effectiveness.
Alfalfa and red clover as a protein source for ruminants
(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, 2021-10-06) Marković, Jordan; Milenković, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana
High level of milk protein, increased dietary costs, as well as care for the environment have made nitrogen utilization a central component in balancing ruminant meals. Excess crude protein in meals can lead to unnecessary dietary costs, without resulting in increased milk and milk protein production. In addition, most of the excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine and is an ecologically labile form. On the other hand, poor amino acids balance will limit milk protein yield, making production more expensive than overeating. Balancing protein according to metabolic needs, with an adequate ratio of rumen undegradable protein and rumen degradable protein, and without overeating will have positive effects not only on meal price and profitability, but also on the environment. More efficient utilization of nutrients requires knowledge of how different fractions of nutrients pass through the digestive tract. Grass and legumes contain the largest and most variable part of non-protein nitrogen compounds. Although, a number of non-protein nitrogen compounds and true protein together represent crude protein, it is clear that the nutritional value of crude protein in ruminant feeds is better explained based on their rate and extent of rumen degradation. There are a number of factors that affect the amount of crude protein that will be degraded in the rumen. Legumes are high quality forages rich in protein, but these proteins are intensively degraded in the rumen. Red clover proteins are more slowly degraded than alfalfa protein.
Aluminum toxicity in alfalfa seedlings: Effects on root growth and antioxidative defense in three cultivars
(World Alfalfa Congress, 2025-11-03) Stepić, Marija; Joković, N.; Vitorović, J.; Bekčić, Filip; Petrović, Mirjana; Andjelković, Snežana; Radović, Jasmina
Aluminum toxicity is a major limiting factor for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth in acidic soils (pH<5.5), posing a significant challenge to global agriculture. High concentrations of toxic aluminum ions induce oxidative stress, leading to reduced yield in alfalfa growing regions in the whole world. Toxic effects are manifesting primarily in the root after which affect the development of overall plant tissues. Particularly susceptible are alfalfa seedlings. This study aimed to assess the effect of aluminum toxicity on root growth and biochemistry in seedlings of three alfalfa cultivars (Zuzana, K-28, and O-66). The perfored platform containing seeds was placed put in half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution (pH 6) for 7 days. After that period, the pH of solution was adjusted to 4.5 and aluminium chloride was added to a final concentration of 100 μM. The response of three alfalfa cultivars to aluminum stress was evaluated after 14 days. The most affected traits were root elongation and lateral root formation in all cultivars, both of which showed the significant decrease in aluminum treatment. The inhibited activity of two antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), also occurred in all cultivars. Root length was significantly reduced in all cultivars compared to the control groups, among which O-66 showed the most pronounced reduction. In contrast, cultivars Zuzana and K-28 showed no significant difference from each other but displayed significantly longer roots than cultivar O-66 under aluminum stress. Lateral root formation followed a similar trend, further highlighting the toxic impact of aluminum on root development in all three cultivars. The activity of APX and SOD was significantly reduced in all three cultivars under aluminum treatment. The greatest percentage inhibition of both enzymes was observed in cultivar O-66, indicating a higher sensitivity to aluminum-induced oxidative stress compared to the other two cultivars. Aluminum toxicity significantly decreased root growth and antioxidative enzyme activity in alfalfa seedlings, with cultivar O-66 showing the highest sensitivity. Root elongation and lateral root formation were most reduced in O-66, along with the greatest inhibition of SOD and APX activity. In contrast, Zuzana and K-28 exhibited greater tolerance. These findings highlight the impact of aluminum stress on alfalfa and point to interpopulation variability among these three cultivars.
Amelioration of thermal stress in crops by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
(Elsevier BV, 2021-08) Mitra; Díaz Rodríguez; Parra Cota; Khoshru; Panneerselvam; Moradi; Sagarika; Andjelković, Snežana; Santos-Villalobos; Das Mohapatra
Crops are affected by various types of abiotic stress, resulting in a decrease in agricultural productivity thereby challenging food-security issues. Among the different types of abiotic stresses, the temperature has been regarded as a major one followed by salt and drought stress. The increasing temperature causes an alteration in the period of growth and the distribution of crop plants. High-temperature also damages the membrane, some proteins, inactivate the main enzymes and disturb the synthesis of biomolecules. Moreover, heat stress has been found to restrict the process of cell division as well. On the other hand, low-temperature is the main determinant of freezing which results in the reduction of plant cellular metabolism. Freezing stress forms ice-crystals in the cells that further leads to cell death due to dehydration and leakage of electrolyte. Generally, the stress tolerance in crops has been determined based on the cultivar's ability to withstand freezing temperatures; however, with advancements in microbiological techniques, several stress-tolerant microbes have been identified which either through direct or indirect mechanisms alleviate temperature-stress in plants. Furthermore, the function of cryoprotectant compounds and their signaling mechanisms in plants have been also discussed in detail for signifying their role in the alleviation of cold stress in plants. This review highlights the responses of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are metabolically active under thermal stress conditions, and result in the production of metabolites that promotes plant growth and facilitate the uptake of nutrients under thermal stress in agro-ecosystems.
Analysis of the relationship of the most important traits in meadow fescue
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2021-10-07) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Prijović, Mladen; Bekčić, Filip
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the most important perennial grasses foranimal feed production on grasslands. It is characterized by high and stabile yield potential andgood biomass quality. The aim of this study was to determine genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of seven most important traits of two synthetic cultivars (Kruševački 21 and Pradel). Individual plants for hybridization, in order to obtain progeny by the method of Comstock and Robinson, were selected completely randomly. In order to examine the obtained progeny, the study was performed in an experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops, in two replications. The experiment was set up according to the Nested Design I, with sets within the replications. In Kruševački 21, 60 full-sib progeny were studied in two sets, while in the Pradel a total of 39 full-sib progeny were studied. Within each full-sib progeny, 60 plants were analyzed. Statistically and high statistically relation was obtained between some traits and presented as genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rf) correlation coefficients. In cultivar K-21 very high statistically significant genetic correlation coefficients were determined between heading date and leaf length (rg=0.873**), plant height and number of generative tillers per plant (rg=0.893**) and dry matter yield in the first cut and annual dry matter yield (rg=0.988**). In cultivar Pradel very high statistically significant relationship was obtained between heading date and plant height (rg=0.978**), heading date and number of vegetative tillers per plant (rg=0.926**) and annual dry matter yield with one side, and plant height (rg=0.912**) and dry matter yield in the first cut (rg=0.978**), on the other side.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF RHIZOBIA AGAINST RED CLOVER PATHOGENS FROM GENUS FUSARIUM
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Bekčić, Filip; Duduk, Natasa; Lugić, Zoran; Radović, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume that can be found in nature or as cultivated crop in monoculture or in grass-legume mixtures. The great importance of red clover is the fact that it lives in symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifoli. In addition to promoting plant growth, productivity and biomass, the bacteria also have an important role in disease control. Apart from useful microorganisms, many soil pathogenic microorganisms inhabit red clover roots and under favorable conditions they cause infections and diseases of the cultivated plants. On the infected red clover plants Fusarium spp. can cause several symptoms: vascular wilt on older plants, dumping of seedlings, root rot, rot of root base and crown rot. In the present study, the antagonistic potential was evaluated for two bacteria isolates preliminarily determined as R. leguminosarum bv. trifoli (CD1 and CD6) against three isolates Fusarium spp. (G1, G2 and G3) who were obtained from the roots of symptomatic red clover plants. The research was performed in in vitro agar plate (PDA medium) by methods of dual culture (“bacterial ring”). The comparison of growth assessment of fungi after they were grown together with rhizobia in a single plate and growth of fungi in individual plates was performed. Both rhizobia isolates showed significant antifungal activity against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Growth inhibition of G1, G2 and G3 was evaluated (%) using both rhizobia isolates, CD1 varied from 30 to 43 % and CD6 from 14 to 32 %.
Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella: One Health perspective on global food safety challenges
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Kumar, R.; Adeyemi, O. N.; Chattaraj, S.; Alloun, W.; Thamarsha, A.K.A.N.W.M.R.K.; Andjelković, Snežana; Mitra, D.; Gautam, P.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella is a major concern in terms of human health, environmental sustainability, and global food security. Salmonella, the world's most prevalent foodborne pathogen, has gradually gained resistance to important drugs, complicating treatment efforts and leading to rising morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and agriculture, inadequate regulatory compliance, and environmental pollution from agricultural runoff and treated sewage all contribute to the growth and spread of AMR in Salmonella. Health as well as viewpoints on environmental, animal, and human health will be required to address this complicated problem. This includes promoting reasonable antibiotic use, improving global surveillance systems, and researching novel treatments including phage therapy, probiotics, and new antibiotics. Proposals for vaccination and precise food safety standards are critical for limiting Salmonella transmission across the food chain. Despite significant progress, critical research gaps continue, specifically in understanding the molecular basis of resistance and the role of environmental practices. However, contemporary research endeavors are concentrated on identifying and comprehending the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella strains, elucidating the bacterium's defense mechanisms against antibiotics, and investigating outbreaks associated with vegetables. Global surveillance, the development of alternative therapies, and the implementation of stricter antibiotic policies are essential strategies in addressing AMR in Salmonella. Additionally, policy design and implementation, capacity building in low- and middle-income countries, and raising public awareness all necessitate urgent global collaboration among governments, international agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the corporate sector. Stricter regulations on overuse of antibiotics in agriculture is also called for. This review highlights the importance of multi-disciplinary struggles in engaging Salmonella, as integrated resolutions through a One Health approach are crucial for ensuring food safety, preserving public health, and minimizing the worldwide threat of AMR.
Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenols, and Proanthocyanidin Changes during Storage of Fourteen Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Populations from Serbia – A Chemometric Approach
(Informa UK Limited, 2023-06) Mitic, Violeta; Nikolić, Jelena; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Stankov Jovanovic, Vesna; Milenković, Jasmina
Considering the interest in the consumption of faba bean and study of antioxidants in natural food resources, methanol extracts of fourteen Vicia faba cultivars harvested from a two-year field experiment were studied for their phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidines, and antioxidant activities by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical decolorization assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and total reducing power (TRP). The results indicate significant differences among the populations in their content of polyphenols and proanthocyanidine, resulting in variations in antioxidant activity of seed extracts. The storage of V. faba mature seeds under uncontrolled, but identical conditions decreased the total phenol content and antioxidant properties. The total phenols were from 10.12 ± 0.19 to 18.53 ± 0.14 mg GAE g−1 DE (2021 year) and 19.52 ± 0.16 to 26.94 ± 0.34 mg GAE g−1 DE (2022 year). In the 2022 growing season, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity had higher values for all populations from 4.83 ± 0.002 to 6.17 ± 0.003 g mg TE g−1 DE. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis obtained from antioxidative profiles grouped the samples into two major clusters. The first cluster consists of extracts of V. faba cultivars from the 2021 growing season, while the V. faba cultivars from the 2022 growing season are in second cluster. Tested cultivars can be used as a readily available source of natural antioxidants.
Autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance Thymus vulgaris growth in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions
(Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 2021-12-06) Stamenov, Dragana; Djuric, Simonida; Hajnal Jafari, Timea; Andjelković, Snežana
Autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance Thymus vulgaris growth in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions
(Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 2021-12-06) Stamenov; Djuric; Hajnal-Jafari; Andjelković, Snežana
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of medicinal plants is crucial, because agricultural chemicals are no longer acceptable in their production. This paper discusses the results of a recent study undertaken to isolate and characterize PGPR isolates of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) rhizospheric soil and monitor the effect of their application on seed germination and plant growth. The effect of selected isolates on seed germination and initial growth of common thyme was examined in controlled conditions. The impact of the isolates on the content of biochemical stress markers (total phenols and lipid peroxidation intensity) in germinated seeds was determined. The influence of the isolates on the plant growth under well-watered conditions (watered to 80% of water holding capacity (WHC)) and under water deficit stress (watered to 40% of WHC) was evaluated by measuring plant root and stem length in semi-controlled conditions. This study confirmed that indigenous rhizospheric bacteria of common thyme have multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. Among Bacillus 10 isolates, Pseudomonas 12 isolates and Azotobacter 9 isolates, only Pseudomonas isolate (P53) had all the tested PGP properties. The applied isolates had a positive effect on the examined plant growth parameters. The highest percentage of germination was determined in the treatment with P53 isolate (96%). The highest response for vigour index was observed with isolate A1 (3807%). All isolates, except B58 and B60, reduced stress by lowering the amount of both or at least one stress related molecules. The results of the experiment led to the conclusion that isolates Azotobacter sp. A1 and Pseudomonas sp. P53, both ACC-deaminase-producing bacteria, have the best effect on plant growth under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, which indicates their potential to be used as a biofertiliser for promoting common thyme growth.
Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A pathogen of red clover in Serbia
(2025-09-01) Bekčić, Filip; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana; Duduk, N.; Vico, I.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in Serbia has a long history of cultivating due to its favorable growing characteristics and its high nutritional value, but it is susceptible to the variety of fungal pathogens that can limit its yield and shorten the plants lifespan. Rhizoctonia spp. represent a very important genus of phytopathogenic fungi that inhabit the soil and can infect a vast verity of cultivated plants (Vojvodić, 2021). Sampling of red clover plant F2 with symptoms of stunting and necrosis of leaves and stems was done on 05.11.2020. on red clover monoculture plot in Globoder, Serbia (43°34'56.9"N 21°12'08.2"E). Plant F2 root surface was dark colored with sporadical cracks in the root epidermis. The root cross sections showed dark brown necrotic tissue of central cylinder, which was used for pathogen isolation. Obtained isolate had an average growth of 75,67 mm after seven days at 25° C and was designated F2B. After acquiring a hyphal tip fungal colony macromorphological and micromorphological features were examined on PDA medium. The culture had a woolly structure, mycelium color was paled beige with shades of light brown, sclerotia structures were not present. Microscope examination showed septate hyphae (average width 9,3 µm) with characteristic 90° branching, constriction at the branching point and a septa in the immediate vicinity (Picture 1.). Obtained morphological features were in accordance with the features of the Rhizoctonia genus. Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed on red clover plants and detached plant parts by three pathogenicity tests. The first test consisted of detached red clover leaves inoculation and measuring of lesion diameter (average 6.23 mm), the second was inoculation of red clover stem fragments (40 mm) with measuring of necrotic stem part length (average 27,65 mm) after seven days of incubation at 25° C. The third pathogenisity test consisted of inoculation of 150 days old red clover plants in semi controlled environment (Yli-Mattila et al., 2008). Inoculation spot was on the main clover roots, about 20 mm from the plant crown and scoring was done 60 days after. Leaves and stems symptoms were visible on seven plants, but the root symptoms were present in all 12 treatment plants, while control plants remained symptomless. Average width of the root necrotic tissue was 2,36 mm and length was 24,28 mm. Species level identification was done by isolating genomic DNA followed by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) using ITS1/ITS4 primer pair. BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that isolate F2B was identical with several reference sequences of binucleate Rhizoctonia AGA deposited in NCBI GenBank. Based on morphological, pathogenic and molecular features of the isolate F2B, the pathogen of red clover that caused rot root was identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A.
Bioinformatics’ role in studying microbe-mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
(Woodhead Publishing (Elsevier), 2021) Mitra, D.; Chaudhary, P.; Vermac, D.; Khoshrud, B.; Senapati, A.; Mahakur, B.; Panneerselvame, P.; Das Mohapatra, P.K.; Andjelković, Snežana
Stress mitigation strategies present in plants alleviate stress caused by biotic and abiotic factors. In the current era, multi-omics approaches involving genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have expanded the horizon of molecular events participating in response to environmental and edaphic mediated stresses. The vigilant amalgamation of these approaches have supported a high level of information generated about root-level mechanisms involved in the alleviation of different plant-stress. Different bioinformatics tools provide a way in which huge amount of data are interpreted in a better form. This combination of multi-omics and bioinformatics approaches increases the genetic knowledge of researchers to improve the plant varieties in respect to their stress tolerance potential. Here, we provide an overview of bioinformatics resources, describing collections from multi-omics approaches, ranging from raw-data to complete databases, particularly highlighting those tools which have been used for answering the long-standing questions in the field of biotic and abiotic stress research.
Biomass quality of the faba bean lines
(Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, 2025-09-29) Milenković, Jasmina; Zornic, Vladimir; Andjelković, Snežana; Bekčić, Filip; Stepić, Marija; Petrović, Mirjana
Many studies have shown that various parts of the faba bean plant (Vicia faba L.) contain useful compounds, including protein, fiber, and a wide range of bioactive substances. The chemical composition of faba bean plant sections varies depending on the plant's genotype and growing conditions. Aside from the grain, the faba bean plant contains relatively little protein. This study evaluated ten promising faba bean lines with high grain protein content identified in prior research. These lines are derived from local Serbian faba bean populations, and previous research indicated that their grain has high protein content (more than 27%). A two-year experiment with two replications was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops Kruševac, utilizing a random block design. The plants were cut at the green pod stage when the seeds had formed but the plants remained green because higher protein content and higher biomass quality were expected. The following parameters were assessed using the Weende method: crude protein, crude cellulose, ash, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The results showed significant variance across the studied faba bean lines. Dry mass content ranged from 90% to 91.4%, crude protein content from 18.3% to23.3%, crude cellulose from 14.2% to 25.6%, crude ash from 6.3% to 9.4%, crude fat from 0.4% to 2.1%, and NFE content from 41.2% to 50.3%. As expected, the protein level in the biomass was high at this stage of mowing, possibly due to the developed grains. This biomass is a high-quality feed for fresh and ensiling applications. Furthermore, the high levels of some of the other assessed parameters indicate that more research is needed on the dry matter content of the entire faba bean plant at this cutting stage.
Ca:P ratio and content of Ca and P in some annual legumes – oat mixtures depending on seeding rate and stage of growth.
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2020-10-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, T.; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Babić, Snežana
Calcium and phosphorus are particularly important for animal health. The dietary levels of Ca and P should be balanced to increase their availability and utilization. The research was conducted at Institute for forage crops Kruševac in 2015-2016 to determine the effects of seeding rates in mixtures of pea : oat and common vetch : oat and cutting stages on the Ca and P content, as well as Ca : P ratio. The experiment was performed using five different mixture rates of pea and oat crops, five different mixture rates of common vetch and oat crops and three different cutting stages (beginning of pea and common vetch flowering – 10% of flowering, forming the first pods on 2/3 pea and common vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods). Results of investigation showed that Ca content was the highest at the forming the first pods on 2/3 pea and common vetch plants, while phosphorus content increased from 2.70 to 3.40 g kg-1 with common vetch growth and development and from 2.57 to 3.10 g kg-1 with pea growth and development. Pure sown common vetch and pea were characterized by the highest average Ca and P content. Ca : P ratio decreased with plant growth and development in pea : oat mixtures, as well as in common vetch : oat mixtures. The highest Ca : P ratio was recorded in pure sown common vetch and pure sown pea, whereas the lowest Ca : P ratio was recorded in pure sown oat.
Cell Wall Components of Italian Ryegrass Depending on the Harvest and Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2023-10-01) Marković, Jordan; Petrović, Mirjana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Vasić, Tanja; Štrbanović, Ratibor
The importance of perennial grasses is multiple. They represent the basis of sustainable animal husbandry and the basis of the animal feed industry, forming the staple food of ruminants in areas with a moderate climate as components of natural and sown grasslands, natural and sown meadows that can be used through mowing, haylage and silage. Adequate and advanced management of perennial grasses results in low prices offorages, significantly lower than concentrated feed. Italian ryegrass is characterized by rapid development and production of a large amount of quality forage crops.
Correlations between the quantity of foraged pollen, the number of foragers and the morphological traits of the honey bees
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2021-10-07) Jevtić, Goran; Anđelković, Bojan; Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Matović, Kazimir; Nedić, N.
In four-year monitoring of two generations of honey bee colonies (queen bees and their offspring), the correlation coefficients between morphological traits for the amount of foraged pollen, traits on which the foraging activity of honey bees depends. Considering morphometric traits, the tongue length, the length and width of the wings and basitarses were measured. In field conditions, scouts and forager bees were counted, the total amount of foraged pollen and the amount of foraged alfalfa pollen were measured. It was found that there is a very strong correlation between the amount of foraged pollen and the observed traits that determine the foraging activity of the honey bee, as well as the size of the basitarus at a statistically very significant level (p <0.01). There was a strong correlation between the traits that determine the foraging activity with each other (p <0.01). The size of the basitarsus (length and width) was strongly correlated with most traits. The wing length was in medium correlation with most traits (r = 0.3-0.6), while the wing width with all traits was weakly or negatively correlated. The length of the proboscis was in the medium strong correlation with most of the observed traits. It is weakly correlated with the width of the basitarus and the wing, and weakly to negatively correlated with the wing length.
EFFECT OF AZOTOBACTER SPP. ON INITIAL GROWTH OF GRASSES
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Andjelković, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Lugić, Zoran; Jevtić, Goran; Radović, Jasmina; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana
The composition of the microbial community in rhizosphere can affect plant growth, nutrients uptake, and stress tolerance. In rhizosphere bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter there are free nitrogen-fixers promoting growth and health of plants. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different native isolates (SA74, SB94, MA7 and their combination) Azotobacter spp. on initial growth of plants tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Scherb) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds). The experiment was carried out in semi-controlled conditions. For this study, seeds of tall fescue cultivar Kruševački 20 (K-20) and meadow fescue cultivar Kruševački 21 (K-21) were planted in pots filled with alluvial soil with slightly acidic reaction. The height, green mass per plant, root length and root weight per plant were determined. Four variants of microbial inoculation were compared with the growth of non-inoculated control. The significance of difference between examined treatments was determined by Fisher’s LSD test (p<0.05). At tall fescue, applied isolate SB94 in all investigated parameters had a negative effect. The two other isolates as well as combination of three isolates had a positive effect on initial growth of plants. Only in plant height, the application of a combination of isolates did not have positive result compared to the control. At meadow fescue, inoculation with combined isolates positively influenced plant height andgreen mass per plant. Root length was significantly increased only in treatment with isolate MA7. The influence of inoculation on root weight per plant was not noted.