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The impact of seeding rate and inter-row spacing on Italian ryegrass for seed in the first harvest year
(The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS, 2009-01-01) Simić, Aleksandar; Vučković, Savo; Maletic, Radojka; Sokolović, Dejan; Djordevic, Nenad
Acid and Temperature Treatments Result in Increased Germination of Seeds of Three Fescue Species
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2012-09-24) Stanisavljevic, Rade; Vučković, Savo; Simić, Aleksandar; Marković, Jordan; Lakic, Zeljko; Terzic, Dragan; DOKIC
Efficient germination of fescue seeds is essential for successful establishment of meadows and pastures. This research was conducted toÂ ascertain the effects of various acid and temperature treatments on seed germination in three fescue species: Festuca rubra, F. ovina, and F.Â pratensis. Seeds from different cultivars, populations, or lots were exposed either to four concentrations of sulfuric acid at three differentÂ time intervals (12 treatments) or six different temperatures at three different time intervals (18 treatments). Despite all belonging to theÂ genus Festuca, the seed from different species responded differently to the treatments. The three optimum treatments for F. rubra seedÂ involved soaking in a 75% solution of sulfuric acid for 20 minutes (improved the germination rate by 19%), soaking in a 50% solutionÂ of sulfuric acid for 30 minutes (improved the germination rate by 18%) and exposure to either 60Â°C or 70Â°C for 90 minutes (improvedÂ the germination rate by 17%). For F. ovina seed, optimal treatments included soaking seeds for either 10 or 20 minutes in a 50% sulfuricÂ acid solution (both treatments improved germination rates by 13%) or exposing seeds for 30 minutes in a 25% sulfuric acid solution andÂ 80Â°C for 60 minutes (improved germination rate by 12%). Two optimal treatments were identified for F. pratensis seed. Whereas theÂ first involved soaking the seeds in a 75% sulfuric acid solution for 30 minutes (improved germination rates by 22%), the second involvedÂ either exposing the seeds to 90Â°C for 90 or 60 minutes, or exposing the seeds to 80Â°C for 90 minutes (improved germination rate by 21%).Â Our findings indicate that if fescue seed is to be sown during the autumn (two to three months after seed collecting), treating it with acidÂ and temperature can significantly enhance its germination.
Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf
(Springer Netherlands, 2014) Sokolović, Dejan; Huyghe, Christian; Radović, Jasmina; Sokolović; Huyghe; Radović
A rapid and cost-effective procedure for delineation and utilization of genomic microsatellites for paralleled genotyping in Vicia faba
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015-03-31) Aleksic, Jelena M; Banović Đeri, Bojana; MILJUŠ-ĐUKIĆ Jovanka; JOVANOVIĆ Živko; Mikić, Aleksandar; Ćupina, Branko; ZLATKOVIĆ Bojan; Andjelković, Snežana; Spanu, Ilaria; Jelić, Mihailo; MAKSIMOVIĆ Vesna
Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Three Clover Species in Relation to the Livestock Diet
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2016-06-14) Petrović, Mirjana; Stanković, Milan; Anđelković, Bojan; Babić, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Vasiljević, Sanja; Dajic Stevanovic, Zora
Products of metabolism that are directly involved in growth, development and reproduction and also secondary products of metabolism were studied in 16 natural populations of three species of the genus Trifolium (T. repens – four populations, T. alpestre – three populations, T. pannonicum – nine populations), collected from the central Balkans region, i.e. territory of Serbia. Statistical analysis showed the presence of variability in all species of the test material. The best quality of dry matter, estimated by the ratio of crude protein and crude fiber, was achieved in the populations of white clover. In this species, average protein content was 216.4 g kg-1 while the average content of crude fiber was 222.4 g kg-1. The highest average content of total phenols (77.9 mg GA g-1), flavonoids (159.7 mg Ru g-1) and antioxidant activity (70.2 μg ml-1) was measured in populations of T. pannonicum by phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of plants. The content of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in other species were extremely low. Populations of T. pannonicum were notable for fodder quality and antioxidant activity: CS091 with 186.2 g kg-1 of crude protein and antioxidant activity of 55 μg ml-1; RA123 with 175.6 g kg-1 of crude protein and a high level of antioxidant activity of 44.8 μg ml-1. It can be concluded that the selection of these populations may lead to creation of different varieties of fodder crops that could give safe animal feed and would be suitable for growing under adverse conditions of mountainous climate.
Short communication: Morphological description and molecular detection of Pestalotiopsis sp. on hazelnut in Serbia
(Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2017-07-10) Vasic, Tanja; Jevremović, Darko; Krnjaja; Leposavić, Aleksandar; Andjelković, Snežana; Živković, Sanja; Paunović, Svetlana
In autumn 2015, hazelnut plants with leaf blight symptoms were noticed in a commercial plantation in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Symptomatic samples were collected and submitted to laboratory analysis. Based on morphological characterization, the fungus isolated from the material was initially identified as Pestalotiopsis sp. Pathogenicity tests showed that two selected isolates infected hazelnut leaves and fruits that developed symptoms after artificial inoculation. The pathogen was re-isolated from diseased leaves and fruits, confirming Koch’s postulates. Molecular identification was performed with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, EF1-α, and TUB genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of the morphological identification. The detection of Pestalotiopsis sp., a causal agent of leaf blight on hazelnut in Serbia, is one of a few reports of these pathogenic fungi on hazelnut.
Determination of green forage and silage protein degradability of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixtures grown in Serbia
(Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, 2017-09-16) Blagojević; Djordevic, Nenad; Dinic, Bora; Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Milenković; Petrović, Mirjana
The influence of lead acetate and actinomycetes on germination and growth of vetch plant (Vicia sativa L.)
(Agricultural Research Communication Center, 2018-10-10) Trajkovic; Kostic; Jaksic, Tatjana; Vasic, Tanja; Andjelković, Snežana; Babić, Snežana; Stamenov, Dragana
The influence of different lead acetate concentrations (10 -5 M, 10 -4 M, 10 -3 M, 10 -2 M and 2 x 10 -2 M) both with and without presence of actinomycetes on germination and initial growth (root, leaf length and stem height) of vetch plant (Vicia sativa L.) was rated. Different lead acetate concentrations and actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp.) of 5, 7 and 9 breed’s types were used to treat vetch plant seeds. It was perceived that high lead acetate concentration of 2 x 10 -2 M has inhibitory effect on the studied parameters. Probes with the highest concentrations of lead with the presence of actinomycetes as much as 60% more seeds germinated compared to the probes without actinomycetes. Low lead acetate concentrations have stimulating effect on these processes, as applied in the presence of microorganisms, and in probes without inoculation.
The use of different N sources for the treatment of permanent grassland and effect on forage quality
(Pensoft Publishers, 2019-05-05) Simić, Aleksandar; Marković, Jordan; Stojanović, Bojan; Mandić, Violeta; Željko, Dželetović
During an experiment conducted in Serbia, near the city of Šabac over two growing seasons (2012/13 and 2013/14), the yield and quality of grassland treated with an organo-mineral fertilizer (farmyard manure 30 t ha-1 +10 wt.% zeolite) was monitored and compared to fertilization with pure manure (30 t ha-1), spring nitrogen application (50 kg/ha N), treatment with pure zeolite, and treatment without the addition of fertilizers. All fertilizers were spread in the autumn of 2012. Nitrogen was exceptionally applied in the spring of 2013 and 2014. Dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality were evaluated during the growing season, in two forage harvests. In addition to yields, the chemical composition of the biomass, concentrations of total protein fractions and in vitro DM digestibility were examined in detail. The biomass yields of both cuts in the first season were considerably higher after the application of manure with zeolite, pure manure and mineral nitrogen, compared to the control and zeolite. No significant differences among the treatments were noted with regard to the chemical composition of the biomass, or the effect of the type of fertilization on DM digestibility of the biomass from the natural grassland. The application of the organo-mineral fertilizer considerably reduced the share of NPN in total protein, compared to pure manure.
Protein fractions as influenced by cultivars, stage of maturity and cutting dates in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
(Agricultural Research Communication Center, 2019-05-08) Marković, Jordan; Petrović, Mirjana; Terzić, Dragan; Vasić, Tanja; Kostić, Ivica; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Grubić, G.
This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between CNCPS (Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System) protein fractions and in vitro RUP (Rumen Undegradable Protein) concentration and the variability of protein fractions among alfalfa cultivars grown in Serbia. Two cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) – Serbian cv K 28 and American cv G + 13R + CZ were sampled at three stages of maturity. Comparing the two cultivars of alfalfa (K 28 vs. G + 13R + CZ) means, there were significant differences in all protein fractions. Two investigated alfalfa cultivars differed significantly (p less than 0.01) in RUP content, cv G + 13R + CZ was higher in RUP than cv K 28. Stage of maturity had an effect on proportions of the protein fractions. From a nutritional and breeding point of view, cultivar such as G + 13R + CZ is desirable because it combine higher CP (Crude Protein) values with lower protein degradability than cv K 28.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertiliser and Lime on the Floristic Composition, Soil Microbes and Dry Matter Yield of Danthonietum calycinae Grassland
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2019-11-08) Zornic, Vladimir; Stevović, Vladeta; Lugić, Zoran; Andjelković, Snežana; Jevtić, Goran; Radović, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana
Natural grasslands are significant resources for forage production, which is not exploited enough, mostly because of low production, as a result of bad grasslands management. The research has been carried out on the association Danthonietum calycinae to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates (N20, N80 and N140) and lime (1 tha-1) on the floristic composition, soil microbes and dry matter yield. Botanic composition was strongly influenced by the treatments, especially by N applications. Nitrogen fertilisation led to significant increase of grass species in the association (from 57% to 82%), while higher rate of nitrogen caused a significant decrease of plants from other families (especially legumes). Application of low and medium rate of nitrogen positively effect on microbial abundant in soil, but the highest dose (140 kg N) reduced all microbial count, except fungi. Mineral nitrogen fertilisation had a favourable effect on dry matter yield in all treatments. The highest increase in dry matter yield relative to the control was in N140 treatments (6.66 t ha-1). Results indicated that optimal applications of nutrients for this association is application of PK and lime and 80 kg of nitrogen which enable high yield (6.38 t ha-1) in comparison with control (3.16 t ha-1) and preserving soil fertility and the environment at the same time.
Protein and carbohydrate fractions of common vetch-oat mixtures depending on stage of growth and seeding rate in the mixtures
(Pensoft Publishers, 2020-11-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Terzic, Dragan; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Knežević, Jasmina; Blagojević; Lazarević
The production and utilization of intercropped legume- cereal bi-crops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons – legumes are rich in terms of protein concentration, whereas cereals are characterized by higher carbohydrate contents. To improve utilization of common vetch-oat mixtures as feed in Serbia, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions in these feeds using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) depending on the stage of plant development and seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac – Serbia, in 2015. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In this research, pure stands of common vetch and oat, and their seed mixtures (common vetch:oat – 1:1.5; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were studied harvested at three different cutting stages: beginning of vetch flowering – 10% of flowering; forming the first pods on 2/3 vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. The samples were analyzed for protein and carbohydrate fractions according to CNCPS. Stage of growth affected significantly all carbohydrate and protein fractions, except unavailable PC fraction of crude protein which did not change with plant growth and development. The highest protein fraction was intermediately degraded PB2 fraction of crude protein. The highest carbohydrate fraction was available cell wall – CB3 fraction of carbohydrate. According to the results obtained in these investigations, it was concluded that common vetch-oat mixtures varied significantly with respect to their carbohydrate and protein fraction. Due to lower CC fraction, oat was superior feed in terms of total carbohydrates supply to ruminants. Among all investigated mixtures and pure stand of oat and common vetch, it could be conclude that mixture with 1:1 common vetch-oat rate was superior because of higher CA and CB3 fractions of total carbohydrate and the highest PB2 fraction of crude protein.
Protein and carbohydrate fractions of common vetch-oat mixtures depending on stage of growth and seeding rate in the mixtures
(Pensoft Publishers, 2020-11-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, Tanja; Terzić, Dragan; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Knežević, Jasmina; Blagojević, Milomir; Lazarević, Đorđe
The production and utilization of intercropped legume- cereal bi-crops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons – legumes are rich in terms of protein concentration, whereas cereals are characterized by higher carbohydrate contents. To improve utilization of common vetch-oat mixtures as feed in Serbia, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions in these feeds using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) depending on the stage of plant development and seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac – Serbia, in 2015. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In this research, pure stands of common vetch and oat, and their seed mixtures (common vetch:oat – 1:1.5; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were studied harvested at three different cutting stages: beginning of vetch flowering – 10% of flowering; forming the first pods on 2/3 vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. The samples were analyzed for protein and carbohydrate fractions according to CNCPS. Stage of growth affected significantly all carbohydrate and protein fractions, except unavailable PC fraction of crude protein which did not change with plant growth and development. The highest protein fraction was intermediately degraded PB2 fraction of crude protein. The highest carbohydrate fraction was available cell wall – CB3 fraction of carbohydrate. According to the results obtained in these investigations, it was concluded that common vetch-oat mixtures varied significantly with respect to their carbohydrate and protein fraction. Due to lower CC fraction, oat was superior feed in terms of total carbohydrates supply to ruminants. Among all investigated mixtures and pure stand of oat and common vetch, it could be conclude that mixture with 1:1 common vetch-oat rate was superior because of higher CA and CB3 fractions of total carbohydrate and the highest PB2 fraction of crude protein.
Effect of processing on vitamin C content, total phenols and antioxidative activity of organically grown red beetroot ('Beta vulgaris' ssp. 'Rubra')
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2021) Pavlović, Nenad; Mladenović, Jelena; Stevović, Vladeta; Bošković-Rakočević, Ljiljana; Moravcevic, Djordje; Poštić, Dobrivoj; Zdravković, Jasmina
The demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 70 ºC and 90 ºC into beet juice or by drying at 55 ºC. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90 ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 70 ºC. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966).
Bioinformatics’ role in studying microbe-mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
(Woodhead Publishing (Elsevier), 2021) Mitra, D.; Chaudhary, P.; Vermac, D.; Khoshrud, B.; Senapati, A.; Mahakur, B.; Panneerselvame, P.; Das Mohapatra, P.K.; Andjelković, Snežana
Stress mitigation strategies present in plants alleviate stress caused by biotic and abiotic factors. In the current era, multi-omics approaches involving genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have expanded the horizon of molecular events participating in response to environmental and edaphic mediated stresses. The vigilant amalgamation of these approaches have supported a high level of information generated about root-level mechanisms involved in the alleviation of different plant-stress. Different bioinformatics tools provide a way in which huge amount of data are interpreted in a better form. This combination of multi-omics and bioinformatics approaches increases the genetic knowledge of researchers to improve the plant varieties in respect to their stress tolerance potential. Here, we provide an overview of bioinformatics resources, describing collections from multi-omics approaches, ranging from raw-data to complete databases, particularly highlighting those tools which have been used for answering the long-standing questions in the field of biotic and abiotic stress research.
Effect of processing on vitamin C content, total phenols and antioxidative activity of organically grown red beetroot ('Beta vulgaris' ssp. 'Rubra')
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2021) Pavlović, Nenad; Mladenović, Jelena; Stevović, Vladeta; Bošković-Rakočević, Ljiljana; Moravčević, Đorđe; Poštić, Dobrivoj; Zdravković, Jasmina
The demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 70 ºC and 90 ºC into beet juice or by drying at 55 ºC. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90 ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 70 ºC. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966).
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan ; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický, T.; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović, Zora
The content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A isoflavones was studied in natural populations of red and Hungarian clover, to estimate their impact on fodder quality and to determine directions in possible breeding programs. The study included 6 red clover (Trifolium pratense) and 6 Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum) populations, collected in the central Balkans. The differences between the species and among the populations were analysed. The average content of total isoflavones was 1.393 mg g-1 and 0.487 mg g-1 of air dry matter in Hungarian clover, respectively. While the most prevailed isoflavone in red clover was biochanin A (46%), the Hungarian clover populations were rich in genistein (43%). The red clover leaves accumulated the highest content of isoflavones. The Hungarian clover flowers and leaves had an equal amount of isoflavones. The obtained values of the total isoflavones could not affect the overall nutrient quality and therefore, researched natural populations of two clover species could be considered for further breeding programs.
Amelioration of thermal stress in crops by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
(Elsevier BV, 2021-08) Mitra; Díaz Rodríguez; Parra Cota; Khoshru; Panneerselvam; Moradi; Sagarika; Andjelković, Snežana; Santos-Villalobos; Das Mohapatra
Crops are affected by various types of abiotic stress, resulting in a decrease in agricultural productivity thereby challenging food-security issues. Among the different types of abiotic stresses, the temperature has been regarded as a major one followed by salt and drought stress. The increasing temperature causes an alteration in the period of growth and the distribution of crop plants. High-temperature also damages the membrane, some proteins, inactivate the main enzymes and disturb the synthesis of biomolecules. Moreover, heat stress has been found to restrict the process of cell division as well. On the other hand, low-temperature is the main determinant of freezing which results in the reduction of plant cellular metabolism. Freezing stress forms ice-crystals in the cells that further leads to cell death due to dehydration and leakage of electrolyte. Generally, the stress tolerance in crops has been determined based on the cultivar's ability to withstand freezing temperatures; however, with advancements in microbiological techniques, several stress-tolerant microbes have been identified which either through direct or indirect mechanisms alleviate temperature-stress in plants. Furthermore, the function of cryoprotectant compounds and their signaling mechanisms in plants have been also discussed in detail for signifying their role in the alleviation of cold stress in plants. This review highlights the responses of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are metabolically active under thermal stress conditions, and result in the production of metabolites that promotes plant growth and facilitate the uptake of nutrients under thermal stress in agro-ecosystems.
Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth
(MDPI AG, 2021-09-10) Krga; Simić, Aleksandar; Željko, Dželetović; Babić, Snežana; Katanski, Snežana; Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana; Damnjanović, Jelena
In limited growing conditions, intercropped field peas and oats can represent a significant source of forage rich in protein. If applied correctly, factors such as nitrogen fertilizer, the mowing phase, and sowing norms can significantly increase the productivity of these mixtures. Field trials were conducted to examine their productivity under different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 kg ha−1), different sowing norms/mixtures (field peas: oats—100:15%; 100:30%), and two stages of growth (full flowering, full pod formation). Nitrogen fertilizer and different sowing norms had a significant effect on the biomass, hay, and crude protein yields. On average, the highest hay yields were achieved with 80 kg ha−1 N (4.96 t ha−1), followed by 40 kg ha−1 N (4.27 t ha−1). The highest protein yields were achieved with 40 kg ha−1 N (CP—704.1 kg ha−1), followed by 80 kg ha−1 N (CP—637.6 kg ha−1). Sowing norm 100:30% achieved higher hay yields: 100:30%—4.82 t ha−1; 100:15%—4.44 t ha−1, while 100:15% achieved higher crude protein yields: 100:15%—730.4 kg ha−1; 100:30%—692.7 kg ha−1 on average. The costs were not significantly increased with the nitrogen fertilizer, but the net profits were increased by as much as 163%, depending on the nitrogen level and the mixture. Nitrogen fertilizer also achieves higher economic efficiency for the mixture 100:15% compared to the 100:30% mixture. Mixtures of field peas and oats outperform single-grown crops and provide cost-effective feed for a short time. Using optimal seed ratios and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of the feed with minimal impact on the overall production costs.