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Item A rapid and cost-effective procedure for delineation and utilization of genomic microsatellites for paralleled genotyping in Vicia faba(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015-03-31) Aleksic, Jelena M; Banović Đeri, Bojana; MILJUŠ-ĐUKIĆ Jovanka; JOVANOVIĆ Živko; Mikić, Aleksandar; Ćupina, Branko; ZLATKOVIĆ Bojan; Andjelković, Snežana; Spanu, Ilaria; Jelić, Mihailo; MAKSIMOVIĆ VesnaItem Acid and Temperature Treatments Result in Increased Germination of Seeds of Three Fescue Species(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2012-09-24) Stanisavljevic, Rade; Vučković, Savo; Simić, Aleksandar; Marković, Jordan; Lakic, Zeljko; Terzic, Dragan; DOKICEfficient germination of fescue seeds is essential for successful establishment of meadows and pastures. This research was conducted to ascertain the effects of various acid and temperature treatments on seed germination in three fescue species: Festuca rubra, F. ovina, and F. pratensis. Seeds from different cultivars, populations, or lots were exposed either to four concentrations of sulfuric acid at three different time intervals (12 treatments) or six different temperatures at three different time intervals (18 treatments). Despite all belonging to the genus Festuca, the seed from different species responded differently to the treatments. The three optimum treatments for F. rubra seed involved soaking in a 75% solution of sulfuric acid for 20 minutes (improved the germination rate by 19%), soaking in a 50% solution of sulfuric acid for 30 minutes (improved the germination rate by 18%) and exposure to either 60°C or 70°C for 90 minutes (improved the germination rate by 17%). For F. ovina seed, optimal treatments included soaking seeds for either 10 or 20 minutes in a 50% sulfuric acid solution (both treatments improved germination rates by 13%) or exposing seeds for 30 minutes in a 25% sulfuric acid solution and 80°C for 60 minutes (improved germination rate by 12%). Two optimal treatments were identified for F. pratensis seed. Whereas the first involved soaking the seeds in a 75% sulfuric acid solution for 30 minutes (improved germination rates by 22%), the second involved either exposing the seeds to 90°C for 90 or 60 minutes, or exposing the seeds to 80°C for 90 minutes (improved germination rate by 21%). Our findings indicate that if fescue seed is to be sown during the autumn (two to three months after seed collecting), treating it with acid and temperature can significantly enhance its germination.Item Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenols, and Proanthocyanidin Changes during Storage of Fourteen Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Populations from Serbia – A Chemometric Approach(Informa UK Limited, 2023-06) Mitic, Violeta; Nikolić, Jelena; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Stankov Jovanovic, Vesna; Milenković, JasminaConsidering the interest in the consumption of faba bean and study of antioxidants in natural food resources, methanol extracts of fourteen Vicia faba cultivars harvested from a two-year field experiment were studied for their phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidines, and antioxidant activities by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical decolorization assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and total reducing power (TRP). The results indicate significant differences among the populations in their content of polyphenols and proanthocyanidine, resulting in variations in antioxidant activity of seed extracts. The storage of V. faba mature seeds under uncontrolled, but identical conditions decreased the total phenol content and antioxidant properties. The total phenols were from 10.12 ± 0.19 to 18.53 ± 0.14 mg GAE g−1 DE (2021 year) and 19.52 ± 0.16 to 26.94 ± 0.34 mg GAE g−1 DE (2022 year). In the 2022 growing season, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity had higher values for all populations from 4.83 ± 0.002 to 6.17 ± 0.003 g mg TE g−1 DE. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis obtained from antioxidative profiles grouped the samples into two major clusters. The first cluster consists of extracts of V. faba cultivars from the 2021 growing season, while the V. faba cultivars from the 2022 growing season are in second cluster. Tested cultivars can be used as a readily available source of natural antioxidants.Item Autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance Thymus vulgaris growth in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions(Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 2021-12-06) Stamenov, Dragana; Djuric, Simonida; Hajnal Jafari, Timea; Andjelković, SnežanaItem Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth(MDPI AG, 2021-09-10) Krga; Simić, Aleksandar; Željko, Dželetović; Babić, Snežana; Katanski, Snežana; Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana; Damnjanović, JelenaIn limited growing conditions, intercropped field peas and oats can represent a significant source of forage rich in protein. If applied correctly, factors such as nitrogen fertilizer, the mowing phase, and sowing norms can significantly increase the productivity of these mixtures. Field trials were conducted to examine their productivity under different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 kg ha−1), different sowing norms/mixtures (field peas: oats—100:15%; 100:30%), and two stages of growth (full flowering, full pod formation). Nitrogen fertilizer and different sowing norms had a significant effect on the biomass, hay, and crude protein yields. On average, the highest hay yields were achieved with 80 kg ha−1 N (4.96 t ha−1), followed by 40 kg ha−1 N (4.27 t ha−1). The highest protein yields were achieved with 40 kg ha−1 N (CP—704.1 kg ha−1), followed by 80 kg ha−1 N (CP—637.6 kg ha−1). Sowing norm 100:30% achieved higher hay yields: 100:30%—4.82 t ha−1; 100:15%—4.44 t ha−1, while 100:15% achieved higher crude protein yields: 100:15%—730.4 kg ha−1; 100:30%—692.7 kg ha−1 on average. The costs were not significantly increased with the nitrogen fertilizer, but the net profits were increased by as much as 163%, depending on the nitrogen level and the mixture. Nitrogen fertilizer also achieves higher economic efficiency for the mixture 100:15% compared to the 100:30% mixture. Mixtures of field peas and oats outperform single-grown crops and provide cost-effective feed for a short time. Using optimal seed ratios and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of the feed with minimal impact on the overall production costs.Item Determination of green forage and silage protein degradability of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixtures grown in Serbia(Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, 2017-09-16) Blagojević; Djordevic, Nenad; Dinic, Bora; Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Milenković; Petrović, MirjanaItem Effect of condensed tannins concentrations on protein degradability of red clover, Italian ryegrass and their mixtures(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, 2023-10-04) Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Štrbanović, RatiborGrowing grasses in a mixture with legumes leads to more profitabl production, better quality of forages, an increase in soil biogenicity and fixation of a significant amount of nitrogen. The experiment was established as a two factorial trial by the method of randomized complete block design in three replications. Italian ryegrass – monocrop (IR), red clover – monocrop (RC) and their mixtures – IR:RC (15:5 kg ha-1), IR:RC (15:10 kg ha-1), IR:RC (20:5 kg ha-1) and IR:RC (20:10 kg ha-1) were planted in November 2016, with the first cutting in the spring 2017 – on May the 9th, and the second cutting in the early summer – on June the 22nd. Theaim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of phenolic compounds such as condensed tannins in Italian ryegrass, red clover and their mixtures, as well as their concentrations impact on protein degradability in the rumen depends on the seeding rate in the mixtures and harvested in the spring and early summer. Results obtained in this study showed that higher concentrations of non-protein nitrogen and soluble protein in forages harvested in the spring influenced higher rapidly degradable protein concentration in investigated mixtures. The highest rumenundegradable protein was determined in Italian ryegrass monocrop harvested inearly summer, and we assume that high condensed tannins concentrationinfluenced the slower protein degradability. Our recommendation for plan breeders is that cultivars with higher content of condensed tannins should becreated and introduced in animal nutrition.Item Effect of Nitrogen Fertiliser and Lime on the Floristic Composition, Soil Microbes and Dry Matter Yield of Danthonietum calycinae Grassland(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2019-11-08) Zornic, Vladimir; Stevović, Vladeta; Lugić, Zoran; Andjelković, Snežana; Jevtić, Goran; Radović, Jasmina; Petrović, MirjanaNatural grasslands are significant resources for forage production, which is not exploited enough, mostly because of low production, as a result of bad grasslands management. The research has been carried out on the association Danthonietum calycinae to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates (N20, N80 and N140) and lime (1 tha-1) on the floristic composition, soil microbes and dry matter yield. Botanic composition was strongly influenced by the treatments, especially by N applications. Nitrogen fertilisation led to significant increase of grass species in the association (from 57% to 82%), while higher rate of nitrogen caused a significant decrease of plants from other families (especially legumes). Application of low and medium rate of nitrogen positively effect on microbial abundant in soil, but the highest dose (140 kg N) reduced all microbial count, except fungi. Mineral nitrogen fertilisation had a favourable effect on dry matter yield in all treatments. The highest increase in dry matter yield relative to the control was in N140 treatments (6.66 t ha-1). Results indicated that optimal applications of nutrients for this association is application of PK and lime and 80 kg of nitrogen which enable high yield (6.38 t ha-1) in comparison with control (3.16 t ha-1) and preserving soil fertility and the environment at the same time.Item Effect of processing on vitamin C content, total phenols and antioxidative activity of organically grown red beetroot ('Beta vulgaris' ssp. 'Rubra')(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2021) Pavlović, Nenad; Mladenović, Jelena; Stevović, Vladeta; Bošković-Rakočević, Ljiljana; Moravcevic, Djordje; Poštić, Dobrivoj; Zdravković, JasminaThe demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 70 ºC and 90 ºC into beet juice or by drying at 55 ºC. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90 ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 70 ºC. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966).Item Forage Cultivation Under Challenging Environment(Springer Nature Singapore, 2023) Milenković, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana; Andjelković, Snežana; Mitra, DebasisWe already experience the effects of climate change, and future agricultural output will face a number of challenges. High temperatures, scarcity of water, rising pollution, an increase in weeds and pests are just a few of the negative effects it may have. The area and quality of arable land are both decreasing as a result of climate change. It will not be able to generate adequate feed for animals since the negative effects of climate change will reduce the output of fodder plants. Reduced human food production is the eventual result. Every stage of plant growth is impacted by environmental factors (planting, seed germination, early vegetative growth, flowering, maturing and production of seeds, wintering, seed storage, etc.). Some forage crops could be grown and cultivated on less productive soils and extreme environmental conditions, and this could be their advantage. In order to produce and use forage crops more effectively, new species that are more tolerant to stressful situations must be introduced, as well as wild relatives of conventional species and microbiological fertilizers containing rhizobia and other microorganisms. Plant-based proteins have recently gained popularity as a source of protein, and as many forage plants have a high protein content, they can be used in this quickly expanding industry.Item Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan ; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-StevanovićItem Multi-location trials and population-based genotyping reveal high diversity and adaptation to breeding environments in a large collection of red clover(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2022-12-20) Nay M; Grieder; Frey; Amdahl; Radović, Jasmina; Jaluvka; Palmé; Skøt; Ruttink; KöllikerRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an outcrossing forage legume that has adapted to a wide range of climatic and growing conditions across Europe. Red clover is valued for its high yield potential and forage quality. The high amount of genetic diversity present in red clover provides an invaluable, but often poorly characterized resource to improve key traits such as yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we examined the genetic and phenotypic diversity within a diverse set of 395 diploid red clover accessions via genome wide allele frequency fingerprinting and multi-location field trials across Europe. We found that the genetic structure of accessions mostly reflected their geographic origin and only few cases were detected, where breeders integrated foreign genetic resources into their local breeding pools. Phenotypic performance of accessions in the multi-location field trials revealed a very strong accession x location interaction. Notably, breeding material and cultivars generally performed well at the location where they were developed. Local adaptation was especially prominent in Nordic red clover accessions that showed a distinct adaptation to the growing conditions and cutting regime of the North. Our results confirmed that red clover cultivars were bred from regional ecotypes and show a narrow adaptation to regional conditions. Our study can serve as a valuable basis for identifying interesting material that express the desired characteristics and contribute to the adaptation of red clover to future climatic conditions.Item Nutritive value of field pea - oat and common vetch - oat bicrops(National Library of Serbia, 2023) Marković, Jordan; Milenković, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Racić, Nedeljko; Stepić, Marija; BlagojevićPeas and vetches are the most important plant species for the production of forages, where they can be used as hay, haylage or silage. Due to their specific characteristics - tendency to lodging and high buffering capacity, they are usually grown in a mixture with small grains as support crops to prevent or reduce lodging, reduce buffering capacity, and at the same time obtain biomass suitable for the ensiling process. In pure crops, peas are most often used as green feeds or hay at the stage of first pod formation, while the best quality of vetch dry matter has been achieved by using it at the stage of full flowering or the beginning of first pod formation, when up to 25% of crude protein is obtained in the biomass of pure culture. The nutritive value of pure crops of peas, common vetch and oats, and their mixtures is presented as a function of the structure of the mixtures and the stage of use. Special attention is paid to the content of cell wall components and the dry matter digestibility of these feeds. Because of all of these mentioned above, it is particularly important to choose the right harvesting time to balance the yield and nutritional value of feeds used in bicrops.Item Perennial forage legumes as an element of sustainable systems(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2023-08-31) Tomić, Dalibor; Stevović, Vladeta; Đurović, Dragan; Marjanović, Miloš; Madic, Milomirka; Pavlović, Nenad; Lazarević, Đorđe; Petrović, Mirjana; RADOVANOVIĆ MirjanaIn the current intensive systems of agricultural production, many important features, i.e., functions of the agroecosystem have been degraded and disrupted. The intensification of agricultural production inevitably leads to land degradation in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The increasing presence of monocultures, reduced crop rotation, and excessive use of mineral nutrients, lead to several negative phenomena in such agroecosystems. Along with efforts to reduce energy consumption, and environmental pollution, intensify sustainable agriculture systems, and maintain biodiversity, the possibility of increasing the area under perennial forage legumes should be considered. As nitrogen fixers, these plants are minimally fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers whose residues in the soil are lost by leaching, causing pollution of groundwater as well as surface watercourses. The introduction of perennial legumes in the crop rotation can provide numerous benefits, such as increased and more stable yields of protein-rich biomass, conservation, and repair of land resources, increased yield stability, better utilization of nutrients, water, and light, as well as weed, disease, and pest control. The introduction of legumes in production systems would limit the increasingly pronounced land degradation. In order to develop sustainable agriculture, market policy should recognize the value of products obtained from leguminous plants through certain agricultural policy measures.Item Protein and carbohydrate fractions of common vetch-oat mixtures depending on stage of growth and seeding rate in the mixtures(Pensoft Publishers, 2020-11-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Terzic, Dragan; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Knežević, Jasmina; Blagojević; LazarevićThe production and utilization of intercropped legume- cereal bi-crops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons – legumes are rich in terms of protein concentration, whereas cereals are characterized by higher carbohydrate contents. To improve utilization of common vetch-oat mixtures as feed in Serbia, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions in these feeds using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) depending on the stage of plant development and seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac – Serbia, in 2015. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In this research, pure stands of common vetch and oat, and their seed mixtures (common vetch:oat – 1:1.5; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were studied harvested at three different cutting stages: beginning of vetch flowering – 10% of flowering; forming the first pods on 2/3 vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. The samples were analyzed for protein and carbohydrate fractions according to CNCPS. Stage of growth affected significantly all carbohydrate and protein fractions, except unavailable PC fraction of crude protein which did not change with plant growth and development. The highest protein fraction was intermediately degraded PB2 fraction of crude protein. The highest carbohydrate fraction was available cell wall – CB3 fraction of carbohydrate. According to the results obtained in these investigations, it was concluded that common vetch-oat mixtures varied significantly with respect to their carbohydrate and protein fraction. Due to lower CC fraction, oat was superior feed in terms of total carbohydrates supply to ruminants. Among all investigated mixtures and pure stand of oat and common vetch, it could be conclude that mixture with 1:1 common vetch-oat rate was superior because of higher CA and CB3 fractions of total carbohydrate and the highest PB2 fraction of crude protein.Item Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar(Agricultural and Food Science, 2022-07-07) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Bekčić, Filip; Vasic, Tanja; Živković, Sanja; Štrbanović, RatiborRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is characterized by high dry matter (DM) yield and a high nutritive value. It has a higher concentration of soluble carbohydrate than lucerne and its protein is less degradable in the rumen than lucerne protein. The aim of this study was to quantify the main crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions of a tetraploid (4n, cv K-32) and a diploid (2n, cv K-39) red clover cultivar harvested at three stages of development in the spring growth. Results showed that the cultivar and stage of development had a large impact on chemical composition and the protein and carbohydrate fractions determined by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). The rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was significantly higher in the tetraploid (272 to 287 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development) than in the diploid red clover cultivar (214 to 268 g kg-1 CP). Rumen degradable carbohydrate concentration was not affected by cultivar but it was significantly influenced by the stage of development. The concentration of rumen degradable protein decreased from 726 to 655 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development in the diploid red clover cultivar. In conclusion, the tetraploid red clover cultivar was higher in CP, its protein was more rapidly degradable, and it was characterized by lower concentrations of lignin and unavailable carbohydrate fractions than the diploid cultivar.Item Quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture silages depending on the share in the mixture and additives(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2023-02-14) Lazarević, Đorđe; Stevović, Vladeta; Lugić, Zoran; Tomić, Dalibor; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Prijović, MladenAlfalfa silage has a high potential for improving ruminant nutrition. A problem that frequently occurs during its preparation is the process of proteolysis, which could partially be avoided with the use of certain techniques and materials. Red clover, often used in form of silage, expresses weaker proteolysis due to the possession of certain chemical compounds. This research was conducted to study the effects of ensiled alfalfa and red clover mixtures, mixed at different ratios (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100), as well as the influence of additives – two doses of oak tannin extract (6 g kg-1 DM and 12 g kg-1 DM) and bacterial inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus plantarum, and Bacillus brevis) on fermentation parameters and protein fractions of the silages. The treatments which contained any of the used percentages of red clover, as well as the ones which received the higher dose of oak tannin (12 g kg-1 DM), reduced the ammonia nitrogen content, which is one of the main indicators of proteolysis. On the other hand, considering non-protein nitrogen, as another of the indicators of proteolysis, there was no positive sign of the contribution of red clover to the reduction of proteolysis in alfalfa, and neither there was a significant impact of additives that were applied in this experiment.Item Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Three Clover Species in Relation to the Livestock Diet(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2016-06-14) Petrović, Mirjana; Stanković, Milan; Anđelković, Bojan; Babić, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Vasiljević, Sanja; Dajic Stevanovic, ZoraProducts of metabolism that are directly involved in growth, development and reproduction and also secondary products of metabolism were studied in 16 natural populations of three species of the genus Trifolium (T. repens – four populations, T. alpestre – three populations, T. pannonicum – nine populations), collected from the central Balkans region, i.e. territory of Serbia. Statistical analysis showed the presence of variability in all species of the test material. The best quality of dry matter, estimated by the ratio of crude protein and crude fiber, was achieved in the populations of white clover. In this species, average protein content was 216.4 g kg-1 while the average content of crude fiber was 222.4 g kg-1. The highest average content of total phenols (77.9 mg GA g-1), flavonoids (159.7 mg Ru g-1) and antioxidant activity (70.2 μg ml-1) was measured in populations of T. pannonicum by phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of plants. The content of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in other species were extremely low. Populations of T. pannonicum were notable for fodder quality and antioxidant activity: CS091 with 186.2 g kg-1 of crude protein and antioxidant activity of 55 μg ml-1; RA123 with 175.6 g kg-1 of crude protein and a high level of antioxidant activity of 44.8 μg ml-1. It can be concluded that the selection of these populations may lead to creation of different varieties of fodder crops that could give safe animal feed and would be suitable for growing under adverse conditions of mountainous climate.Item Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf(Springer Netherlands, 2014) Sokolović, Dejan; Huyghe, Christian; Radović, Jasmina; Sokolović; Huyghe; RadovićItem Short communication: Morphological description and molecular detection of Pestalotiopsis sp. on hazelnut in Serbia(Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2017-07-10) Vasic, Tanja; Jevremović, Darko; Krnjaja; Leposavić, Aleksandar; Andjelković, Snežana; Živković, Sanja; Paunović, SvetlanaIn autumn 2015, hazelnut plants with leaf blight symptoms were noticed in a commercial plantation in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Symptomatic samples were collected and submitted to laboratory analysis. Based on morphological characterization, the fungus isolated from the material was initially identified as Pestalotiopsis sp. Pathogenicity tests showed that two selected isolates infected hazelnut leaves and fruits that developed symptoms after artificial inoculation. The pathogen was re-isolated from diseased leaves and fruits, confirming Koch’s postulates. Molecular identification was performed with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, EF1-α, and TUB genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of the morphological identification. The detection of Pestalotiopsis sp., a causal agent of leaf blight on hazelnut in Serbia, is one of a few reports of these pathogenic fungi on hazelnut.