Browsing by Author "Tomić, Dalibor"

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Botanical composition and biomass quality in natural grasslands of southeast part of Serbia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2022-10-06) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Prijović, Mladen; Tomić, Dalibor; Lazarević, Đorđe
Breeding High-Yielding Fodder Pumpkin Varieties Suitable for Pure Cropping
(Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd, 2024-10-02) Zdravković, Jasmina; Zornic, Vladimir; Lazarević, Đorđe; Pavlović, Nenad; Tomić, Dalibor
Traditionally, people have grown fodder pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as an intercropped plant alongside maize, providing an excellent nutritional resource for livestock feed. Over the last 50 years, with the predominant use of herbicides in maize cultivation, this type of production has been compromised, leading to the cultivation of pumpkins as a pure crop. The Forage Crops Institute in Kruševac, in collaboration with the Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, has initiated the collection of domesticated genotypes of fodder pumpkin from the territory of Serbia. The goal is twofold: the first direction is selection based on the oil content in the seeds, and the second is the favorable yield of flesh and seeds intended for livestock feed. This research is conducted at the Forage Crops Institute in Kruševac. The diversity of 21 collected genotypes has been examined, and significant differences were found between the genotypes regarding the analyzed morphological traits (fruit mass, number of fruits per plant, ratio of pericarp mass to seed cavity mass, etc.). The determined difference at the level of P≤0.05 indicates significant genetic variability between the genotypes. According to the morphological traits, the genotypes were divided into 5 clusters, with genotypes from Vojvodina (Nova Crnja) - G18 and Golija (Ivanjica) - G2 standing out. The breeding material, selected using the pedigree method, is currently in the F3 generation, and lines have been formed that are promising for obtaining a variety with high nutritional potential and suitable for pure cropping based on their morphological traits.
Current botanical composition permanent grassland and forage quality in the Municipality of Lučani
(Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2025-10-02) Zornic, Vladimir; Racić, Nedeljko; Lazarević, Đorđe; Lugić, Zoran; Tomić, Dalibor; Pavlović, N.; Petrović, Mirjana
Livestock production depends on high-quality fodder, so it is necessary to assess the quality of fodder in order to balance the rations better and to ensure that the diet is as consistent and highquality as possible all year long. The aim of the study was research botanical composition and the quality of hay in farms in the Municipality of Lučani, to identify animal production constraints in the hilly areas in Republic of Serbia. In 2025, 31 samples of meadow hay and 15 samples of alfalfa hay were collected from animal farms. The floristic composition of the meadow hay was determined by calculating the weight share of specific groups (grasses, legumes, and others). Biomass quality was assessed by using infrared spectrophotometry, and the content of protein, ADF, NDF, fat and minerals was determined. Meadow hay samples had a relatively low percentage of legumes, with samples containing up to 10% of legumes prevailing. The share of forbs was usually up to 10%, which is satisfactory, and the hay samples were dominated by grasses. The hay samples had a relatively low protein content, with samples containing less than 11% protein prevailing. The comparatively high levels of NDF and ADF suggested low digestibility and palatability. The alfalfa hay had a higher protein content than the meadow hay, ranging from 14% to 18%. This was due to alfalfa’s greater potential for producing high-quality hay and its earlier mowing. Permanent grasslands have not been fully utilized because they are mowed relatively late and receive insufficient fertilization, but alfalfa fields have better management, which leads to much higher quality.
Effects of Additives and Mixing Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) at Different Ratios on Proteolysis, Fermentation Quality and Microbiota of Silage
(Institutul Național de Cercetare Dezvoltare Agricolă Fundulea, 2025) Lazarević, Đorđe; Đorđević, N.; Stevović, V.; Tomić, Dalibor; Marković, Jordan; Jevtić, Goran; Andjelković, Snežana
The nutrition of ruminants can be improved by using alfalfa silage, as well as red clover silage, as a low-cost source of proteins. However, proteins from ensiled legumes, especially alfalfa, have poor usability because of the high level of degradation in the rumen. This is a consequence of the intensive proteolytic processes during silage fermentation. In recent decades there were significant investigations of different materials and techniques which limit proteolyisis and contribute to a better usage of proteins from silage. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of additives - two doses of oak tannin extract [6 g kg-1 of dry matter (DM) and 12 g kg-1 DM] and bacterial inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus plantarum, and Bacillus brevis), as well as the effect of ensiled mixtures of alfalfa and red clover, in different ratios (100 : 0, 90 : 10, 70 : 30, 50 : 50, 30 : 70, and 0 : 100) on the content of protein fractions, the number of microorganisms, as well as fermentation quality parameters. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content, which is one of the main indicators of proteolysis, was generally equal at the different mixture and additive treatments as well as the pH value, and below the critical point of 10% which was probably the consequence of favorable conditions at every of the treatments. On the other hand, considering nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), as another of the indicators of proteolysis, there was a positive sign of the contribution of inoculant and red clover to the reduction of proteolysis in alfalfa only in case of the silage mixture with the 70% of red clover share. Increase in the share of red clover in the mixture generally caused growth in the number of lactic acid bacteria, as well as in the number of yeasts and molds.
Foliar application of zinc in the production of red clover seed on acid soil
(2022) Tomić, Dalibor; Stevović, Vladeta; Đurović, Dragan; Madic, Milomirka; Lazarević, Đorđe; Knežević, Jasmina; Marjanović, Miloš; Pavlović, Nenad; Popadić, A.
Heredity mode of duration of vegetative stage in onion (Allium cepa L.)
(University of Banja Luka Faculty of Agriculture, 2022-05-26) Pavlović, Nenad; Marjanović, Miloš; Mladenovic, Jelena; Tomić, Dalibor; Bošković-Rakočević, Ljiljana; Moravcevic, Djordje; Zdravković, Jasmina
The duration of the vegetation period is a very important biological property of onion. In order to determine the ways of inheriting the duration of the vegetation period, the method of full diallel without reciprocals was applied, in order to obtain offspring of F1 and F2 generation. The field experiment with parents and hybrids of F1 and F2 generation was set up according to a random block system with five repetitions at the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka. The mode of inheritance of early maturity in this experiment was superdominance, observing all crossing combinations. The best general combiner in both generations was the AC 101 line. The highest significant value for SCA in both the F1 and F2 generations had the hybrid created by crossing Piroška x AC 101.
Interdependence of seed yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) genotypes
(University of Banja Luka Faculty of Agriculture, 2022-05-26) Tomić, Dalibor; Marjanović, Miloš; Radovanovic, M.; Djurović, V.; Lazarević, Đorđe; Stevović, Vladeta; Pavlovic, N.
The aim of this study was to analyze the interdependence of seed yield components of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) genotypes, which are grown in Western and Central Serbia. The experiment was performed in the period 2021-2022. In the initial phase, the fruits of genotypes of pumpkin grown in the villages from Priboj in the south to Šabac in the north, Smederevska Palanka and Krusevac in the east were collected. A total of 81 pumpkin fruits of 27 different genotypes were gathered. The following yield components were analyzed on selected fruits: fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, dry seed weight per fruit, thousand seed weight, kernel weight per fruit and kernel percentage. Fruit weight was significantly positively correlated with number of seeds per fruit, dry seed weight per fruit, kernel weight per fruit and thousand seed weight, and significantly negatively correlated with kernel percentage (r = -0.44). Fruit weight was not significantly correlated with number of seeds per fruit, while number of seeds per fruit was significantly positively correlated with seeds weight per fruit and kernel weight per fruit. Seeds weight per fruit was in a significant positive correlation with kernel weight per fruit and thousand seed weight. Kernel percentage was significantly positively correlated with the number of seeds per fruit, seeds weight per fruit, kernel weight per fruit and the thousand seed weight. The analyzed genotypes represent an important source of diversity that could be used in plant breeding studies in the future.
Landolt indicator values changes as result of fertilization in Danthonia alpina grassland
(The Organising Committee of the 30th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, on behalf of the Dutch-Flemish Society for Grassland and Fodder Crops (NVWV); Steve Bikostraat 300, 3573 BH Utrecht., 2024) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Tomić, Dalibor; Racić, Nedeljko; Radović, Jasmina
On natural grasslands, application of mineral fertilizers increases dry matter yields and also changes the botanical composition of plant communities. The objective of this study is to examine how the Danthonia alpina Vest type grassland changed as a result of fertilization in the hilly Balkan region. Unfertilized control and four fertilized treatments P60K60 (PK), N20P60K60 (N20), N80P60K60 (N80) and N140P60K60 (N140), were applied annually during a four-year period were examined. Mean Landolt’s ecological indicator values (moisture (F), nutrients (N) and temperature (T)), were calculated for each treatment. The fertilized plots showed higher F and N, but lower T value, and the changes became more evident at the fourth year of application. During the research period, the NxPK treatments had a greater effect than PK treatments. The F was highest in treatments N140 (2,97) four years after fertilizers were applied; Nevertheless, T decreased greatly in the fourth year and ranged from 3,40 (control) to 3,03 (N140). In our experiment, short-term fertilizer application changed Landolt’s ecological indicator values, which is the opposite of ongoing climate change effects.
Mid-term fertilisers and lime effect on grassland in the hilly-mountain region in Balkan
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2025-01-08) Zornic, Vladimir; Đurović, V.; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Tomić, Dalibor; Racić, Nedeljko; Milenković, Jasmina
Although the effects of fertiliser addition and liming on semi-natural grassland productivity and biomass quality are well documented, less is known about how fertilisers change plant functional groups and mean ecological values. We researched the effects of liming (no lime and lime with 1 t/ha) and mineral fertilisers (control – no fertilisers, PK-P60K60, N20PK-N20P60K60, N80PK-N80P60K60, and N140PK-N140P60K60) for nine years on the Danthonia alpina Vest. grassland community. Based on Brown-Blanquet cover-abundance, we calculated Shannon- Wiener evenness and abundance of plant functional groups (based on height, canopy structure, storage organs presence and flowering duration). We also researched Landolt’s ecological indicator values for nutrients, moisture, reaction, light, and temperature. Results revealed that fertilisers stimulated tall species with longer flowering duration. Shannon-Wiener evenness in control was 0.45, and N20PK increased to 0.71 but significantly decreased in treatment N140PK (0.25). Mean Landolt ecological value for nutrients and moisture increased while temperature dropped. The coverage of legumes and Landolt indicator value for nutrients increased because of the lime application, while the lime had no effect on Shannon-Wiener evenness and abundance of functional groups. Greater Shannon-Wiener evenness in treatments of PK and N20PK is a prerequisite for resistance to the effects of extreme climate events.
NPK FERTILIZER ADDITION EFFECT ON NARDUS STRICTA TYPE GRASSLAND IN KOPAONIK MOUNTINE
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2023-03-17) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Djurovic, V; Sokolović, Dejan; Tomić, Dalibor
This study examines how the addition of NPK fertilizers impacts the change in Nardus stricta type grasslands. The investigation was carried out on the mountain Kopaonik between 2009 and 2012. The effects of four fertilizing treatments: control; N60 (N60P60K60); N90 (N90P60K60); N120 (N120P60K60) on plant species composition, Shannon evenness, and EGQ (evaluation grassland quality index) were researched. The control treatment was dominated by Nardus stricta species, while Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris presence was a feature of fertilizing treatments. The highest nitrogen intake (N120) had Shannon evenness that was very similar to that of the control. All fertilizing treatments resulted in increasing forage value.
Perennial forage legumes as an element of sustainable systems
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2023-08-31) Tomić, Dalibor; Stevović, Vladeta; Đurović, Dragan; Marjanović, Miloš; Madic, Milomirka; Pavlović, Nenad; Lazarević, Đorđe; Petrović, Mirjana; RADOVANOVIĆ Mirjana
In the current intensive systems of agricultural production, many important features, i.e., functions of the agroecosystem have been degraded and disrupted. The intensification of agricultural production inevitably leads to land degradation in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The increasing presence of monocultures, reduced crop rotation, and excessive use of mineral nutrients, lead to several negative phenomena in such agroecosystems. Along with efforts to reduce energy consumption, and environmental pollution, intensify sustainable agriculture systems, and maintain biodiversity, the possibility of increasing the area under perennial forage legumes should be considered. As nitrogen fixers, these plants are minimally fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers whose residues in the soil are lost by leaching, causing pollution of groundwater as well as surface watercourses. The introduction of perennial legumes in the crop rotation can provide numerous benefits, such as increased and more stable yields of protein-rich biomass, conservation, and repair of land resources, increased yield stability, better utilization of nutrients, water, and light, as well as weed, disease, and pest control. The introduction of legumes in production systems would limit the increasingly pronounced land degradation. In order to develop sustainable agriculture, market policy should recognize the value of products obtained from leguminous plants through certain agricultural policy measures.
PREDSELEKCIONO ISPITIVANJE GENOTIPOVA MAĐARSKE DETELINE
(Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd, 2023-10-16) Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Milenković, Jasmina; Stepić, Marija; Radović, Jasmina; Tomić, Dalibor; Andjelković, Snežana
Vrste roda Trifolium ostvaruju simbiotsku vezu sa zemljišnim bakterijama, pripadnicima vrste Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifoli koja se ogleda u formiranju sitnih kvržica koje su raspoređene po celom korenu. Mađarska detelina (Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.) je najmlađi predstavnik roda Trifolium, sa potencijalom korišćenja u krmnoj proizvodnji usled niza pozitivnih osobina. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje potencijala osam genotipova mađarske deteline (deo kolekcije semena Instituta) za simbiozu sa autohtonim sojevima rizobiuma na osnovu broja i morfoloških karakteristika nodula.
The cultivation possibility of tall oat grass and red clover mixture on acidic soil in order to develop a sustainable management system
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2025-03-26) Tomić, Dalibor; Stevović, Vladeta; Đurović, Dragan; Marjanović, Miloš; Pavlović, Nenad; Madić, Milomirka; Zornic, Vladimir; Lazarević, Đorđe
The work aimed to analyze the effects of soil liming on the productivity of the mixture of tall oat grass and red clover during the entire period of exploitation in order to develop sustainable management systems in agriculture. The trial was conducted from 2014 to 2020 on the experimental field in Čačak on an alluvial soil with an acid reaction. The trial was set up as a completely randomized block system with four replicates and a plot size of 5x1 m. Levels of liming included: A1 – control (without CaO); A2 – 3 t ha-1 CaO; A3 – 6 t ha-1 CaO. Crop response to soil liming was determined by the amount of lime applied, the amount of rainfall and the developmental stage of the species during the life cycle. In concrete conditions, the greatest positive effect of soil liming was observed in the second and third years of production. And if it was expected that the proportion of clover and the intensity of nitrogen fixation generally increase with the application of soil liming, this study showed that in some cases the crop responded differently and non-linearly to the application of lime. By growing red clover in a mixture with tall oat grass and applying soil liming on acidic soils, satisfactory yields can be achieved while recovering the soil from intensive exploitation, which can be good practice for developing a sustainable management system in agriculture.
The effects of eight years of liming and fertilizer addition on the Danthonia alpina type grassland in the mountain region of Republic of Serbia
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 2025) Zornic, Vladimir; Lugić, Zoran; Racić, Nedeljko; Andjelković, Snežana; Tomić, Dalibor; Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Petrović, Mirjana
The use of mineral fertilizers changes the floristic composition of grassland communities and increases productivity. However, fewer studies have been conducted on the medium-term (5--10 years) effects of mineral fertilizers on yield and floristic composition, particularly on changes in soil microbiom. After eight years (2012-2020), the effect of fertilizers (control -- no fertilizers, PK-60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K2O, N20PK-20 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K20, N80PK-80 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K20, and N140PK-140 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K20) and liming (no lime and lime with 1 t/ha) on the grassland community of Danthonia alpina Vest (syn Danthonia calycina) were observed. We researched the effects treatments on productivity and share of grasses (Fam Poaceae), legumes (fam Leguminosae) and forbs (other species). Soil microbiome have been identified by analyzing the number of: total microbial count, fungi, free living nitrogen fixers and actinomycetes. PK treatments stimulated legumes, while grass cover decreased. Also increasing nitrogen added, grass cover abundance has risen. Liming significantly increased the total number of microorganisms and actinomycetes, while the number of fungi was significantly reduced. Treatment N80PK involved the greatest amount of microbes and fungus, whereas treatment PK contained the highest number of actinomycetes and free nitrogen fixers. According to the results, fertilizer treatments showed a significant increase yield and it gradually rose as applied nitrogen increased. The highest yield compared to the control (1,8 t ha-1) was achieved in N140PK (5,68 t ha-1), however, it was not significantly different to the N80PK (5,27 t ha-1). The yield was not significantly increased by raising the nitrogen content from 80 t ha-1to 140 t ha-1, but abundance of the most of examined groups of microorganisms significantly decreased, so the dose N140PK is not completely appropriate.
The importance of fodder legumes in the provision of animal feed
(The Balkans Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, 2022-06-29) Stevović, Vladeta; Djukić, D.; Tomić, Dalibor; Djurović, D.; Lazarević, Đorđe; Madic, Milomirka; Marjanović, Miloš; Pavlovic, N.
THE ROLE OF COBALT IN FORAGE LEGUMES
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2023-03-17) Tomić, Dalibor; Stevović, Vladeta; Madic, Milomirka; Marjanović, Miloš; Pavlović, Nenad; Lazarević, Đorđe; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Knežević, Jasmina
WEEDNESS AND FORAGE YIELD OF FIELD PEAS AND OATS MIXTURE CROP
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Stevović, Vladeta; Tomić, Dalibor; Marjanović, Miloš; Trifunović, B; Lazarević, Đorđe; Pavlović, Nenad; Madic, Milomirka
The paper shows the influence of the mixture cultivation of field peas and oats on the degree of crop weediness and forage and hay yield. Domestic varieties, NS Junior field peas and Lovćen oats were used in the experiment. The trial variants were: field peas in monoculture, oats in monoculture, field peas and oats in the ratio 75% : 25% and field peas and oats in the ratio 50% : 50%. The determination of weed species and the determination of their abundance were carried out at a field pea height of 15-20 cm. After harvesting the crops in the optimal phase, the forage yield, hay yield, the share of hay, as well as the percentage mass share of field peas, oats and weeds in the total yield of hay were determined. A significantly higher yield of hay was recorded on all other variants compared to the pure field pea crop. In the variants with mixture crops, compared to pure crops, a lower number of weed plants per unit area was recorded in the stem growth phase. However, no significant impact of competition on the mass share of weeds at the moment of mowing was recorded, in spite of the noted presence of a tendency to decrease their.
Генетичка анализа комбинационих способности дијаметра црног лука
(ИНСТИТУТ ЗА ПОВРТАРСТВО СМЕДЕРЕВСКА ПАЛАНКА, 2021) Pavlović, Nenad; Mladenović, J.; Tomić, Dalibor; Marjanović, Miloš; Madić, M.; Zdravković, Jasmina
Црни лук спада у ред економски најзначајнијег поврћа које се гаји како у Србији тако и на светском нивоу. Дијаметар свежих луковица црног лука спада у ред његових најважнијих агрономских особина због тога што директно утиче на принос и облик. Обе наведен особине имају изузетно важан како биолошки тако и економски значај. Како бисе утврдила генетска детерминисаност дијаметра луковице, постављен је оглед по случајном блок систему у пет понављања, на огледном пољу Института за повртарство. Примењен је метод диалелног укрштања без реципрочног. Генетичком анализом комбинационих способности испитиваних генотипова у овом експерименту, утврђено је постојање сигнификантне вредности за опште комбинационе способности (ОКС). Израчунате вредности за ОКС указују на преовлађујући утицај адитивних гена у наслеђивању дијаметра луковица црног лука, што значи да супериорне линије могу бити искоришћене у оплемењивачким програмима за повећање фреквенције жељених алела са адитивним ефектом.
Утицај инокулације на квалитет ферментације и хемијски састав силаже луцерке
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2022-03-25) Lazarević, Đorđe; Stevović, Vladeta; Radović, Jasmina; Tomić, Dalibor; Marković, Jordan; Prijović, Mladen; Zornic, Vladimir
U cilju procene uticaja inokulanta „BioStabil Plus“ na proces siliranja lucerke, analizirani su parametri kvaliteta fermentacije (pH, sadržaj sirćetne, buterne, mlečne kiseline, amonijačnog i vodorastvorljivog azota u ukupnom azotu) i hemijskog sastava silaže (sirovi proteini, sirova celuloza, sirove masti, bezazotne ekstraktivne materije i pepeo), kao i ocena kvaliteta silaže (DLG i Zelter). Biomasa lucerke u fazi početka cvetanja silirana je bez dodataka i sa dodatkom inokulanta. Dodavanjem inokulanta utvrđeno je sniženje pH vrednosti, povećana proizvodnja mlečne kiseline, smanjena proizvodnja sirćetne kiseline, uz povoljan odnos ovih kiselina (2-3:1). Unošenjem inokulanta ostvaren je poboljšan kvalitet fermentacije, čime je dobijena bolja očuvanost hranljivih materija što se posebno odnosi na sirove proteine, s obzirom da je primenom inokulanta takođe utvrđeno smanjenje sadržaja amonijačnog azota u odnosu na kontrolu (inokulacija - 12,28 % NH3-N/ΣN, kontrola – 17,42% NH3-N/ΣN). Opšti zaključak je da biomasi lucerke treba dodavati inokulante, u svrhu optimalne produkcije mlečne i sirćetne kiseline, kao i dobijanja veće hranljive vrednosti.