Browsing by Author "Marković, Jordan"

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Acid and Temperature Treatments Result in Increased Germination of Seeds of Three Fescue Species
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2012-09-24) Stanisavljevic, Rade; Vučković, Savo; Simić, Aleksandar; Marković, Jordan; Lakic, Zeljko; Terzic, Dragan; DOKIC
Efficient germination of fescue seeds is essential for successful establishment of meadows and pastures. This research was conducted toÂ ascertain the effects of various acid and temperature treatments on seed germination in three fescue species: Festuca rubra, F. ovina, and F.Â pratensis. Seeds from different cultivars, populations, or lots were exposed either to four concentrations of sulfuric acid at three differentÂ time intervals (12 treatments) or six different temperatures at three different time intervals (18 treatments). Despite all belonging to theÂ genus Festuca, the seed from different species responded differently to the treatments. The three optimum treatments for F. rubra seedÂ involved soaking in a 75% solution of sulfuric acid for 20 minutes (improved the germination rate by 19%), soaking in a 50% solutionÂ of sulfuric acid for 30 minutes (improved the germination rate by 18%) and exposure to either 60Â°C or 70Â°C for 90 minutes (improvedÂ the germination rate by 17%). For F. ovina seed, optimal treatments included soaking seeds for either 10 or 20 minutes in a 50% sulfuricÂ acid solution (both treatments improved germination rates by 13%) or exposing seeds for 30 minutes in a 25% sulfuric acid solution andÂ 80Â°C for 60 minutes (improved germination rate by 12%). Two optimal treatments were identified for F. pratensis seed. Whereas theÂ first involved soaking the seeds in a 75% sulfuric acid solution for 30 minutes (improved germination rates by 22%), the second involvedÂ either exposing the seeds to 90Â°C for 90 or 60 minutes, or exposing the seeds to 80Â°C for 90 minutes (improved germination rate by 21%).Â Our findings indicate that if fescue seed is to be sown during the autumn (two to three months after seed collecting), treating it with acidÂ and temperature can significantly enhance its germination.
Alfalfa and red clover as a protein source for ruminants
(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, 2021-10-06) Marković, Jordan; Milenković, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana
High level of milk protein, increased dietary costs, as well as care for the environment have made nitrogen utilization a central component in balancing ruminant meals. Excess crude protein in meals can lead to unnecessary dietary costs, without resulting in increased milk and milk protein production. In addition, most of the excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine and is an ecologically labile form. On the other hand, poor amino acids balance will limit milk protein yield, making production more expensive than overeating. Balancing protein according to metabolic needs, with an adequate ratio of rumen undegradable protein and rumen degradable protein, and without overeating will have positive effects not only on meal price and profitability, but also on the environment. More efficient utilization of nutrients requires knowledge of how different fractions of nutrients pass through the digestive tract. Grass and legumes contain the largest and most variable part of non-protein nitrogen compounds. Although, a number of non-protein nitrogen compounds and true protein together represent crude protein, it is clear that the nutritional value of crude protein in ruminant feeds is better explained based on their rate and extent of rumen degradation. There are a number of factors that affect the amount of crude protein that will be degraded in the rumen. Legumes are high quality forages rich in protein, but these proteins are intensively degraded in the rumen. Red clover proteins are more slowly degraded than alfalfa protein.
Ca:P ratio and content of Ca and P in some annual legumes – oat mixtures depending on seeding rate and stage of growth.
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2020-10-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, T.; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Bekčić, Filip; Lazarević, Đorđe; Babić, Snežana
Calcium and phosphorus are particularly important for animal health. The dietary levels of Ca and P should be balanced to increase their availability and utilization. The research was conducted at Institute for forage crops Kruševac in 2015-2016 to determine the effects of seeding rates in mixtures of pea : oat and common vetch : oat and cutting stages on the Ca and P content, as well as Ca : P ratio. The experiment was performed using five different mixture rates of pea and oat crops, five different mixture rates of common vetch and oat crops and three different cutting stages (beginning of pea and common vetch flowering – 10% of flowering, forming the first pods on 2/3 pea and common vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods). Results of investigation showed that Ca content was the highest at the forming the first pods on 2/3 pea and common vetch plants, while phosphorus content increased from 2.70 to 3.40 g kg-1 with common vetch growth and development and from 2.57 to 3.10 g kg-1 with pea growth and development. Pure sown common vetch and pea were characterized by the highest average Ca and P content. Ca : P ratio decreased with plant growth and development in pea : oat mixtures, as well as in common vetch : oat mixtures. The highest Ca : P ratio was recorded in pure sown common vetch and pure sown pea, whereas the lowest Ca : P ratio was recorded in pure sown oat.
Cell Wall Components of Italian Ryegrass Depending on the Harvest and Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2023-10-01) Marković, Jordan; Petrović, Mirjana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Vasić, Tanja; Štrbanović, Ratibor
The importance of perennial grasses is multiple. They represent the basis of sustainable animal husbandry and the basis of the animal feed industry, forming the staple food of ruminants in areas with a moderate climate as components of natural and sown grasslands, natural and sown meadows that can be used through mowing, haylage and silage. Adequate and advanced management of perennial grasses results in low prices offorages, significantly lower than concentrated feed. Italian ryegrass is characterized by rapid development and production of a large amount of quality forage crops.
CONTENT OF POLYPHENOL COMPOUNDS IN THE DRY MATTER OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2023-03-17) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Zornic, Vladimir
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of harvest time and nitrogen fertilizer application on the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins in the dry matter of Italian ryegrass. The plants were harvest in 2017, in spring and early summer. The results obtained in this study showed that the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins in the dry matter of Italian ryegrass (12.45 g / 100 g dry matter, 7.45 g / 100 g dry matter and 956.55 mg / 100 g dry matter, respectively) were higher when the plants harvested in early summer than in the spring. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not have effect on the synthesis of polyphenolic compounds.
Determination of green forage and silage protein degradability of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixtures grown in Serbia
(Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, 2017-09-16) Blagojević; Djordevic, Nenad; Dinic, Bora; Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Milenković; Petrović, Mirjana
Effect of condensed tannins concentrations on protein degradability of red clover, Italian ryegrass and their mixtures
(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, 2023-10-04) Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Štrbanović, Ratibor
Growing grasses in a mixture with legumes leads to more profitabl production, better quality of forages, an increase in soil biogenicity and fixation of a significant amount of nitrogen. The experiment was established as a two factorial trial by the method of randomized complete block design in three replications. Italian ryegrass – monocrop (IR), red clover – monocrop (RC) and their mixtures – IR:RC (15:5 kg ha-1), IR:RC (15:10 kg ha-1), IR:RC (20:5 kg ha-1) and IR:RC (20:10 kg ha-1) were planted in November 2016, with the first cutting in the spring 2017 – on May the 9th, and the second cutting in the early summer – on June the 22nd. Theaim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of phenolic compounds such as condensed tannins in Italian ryegrass, red clover and their mixtures, as well as their concentrations impact on protein degradability in the rumen depends on the seeding rate in the mixtures and harvested in the spring and early summer. Results obtained in this study showed that higher concentrations of non-protein nitrogen and soluble protein in forages harvested in the spring influenced higher rapidly degradable protein concentration in investigated mixtures. The highest rumenundegradable protein was determined in Italian ryegrass monocrop harvested inearly summer, and we assume that high condensed tannins concentrationinfluenced the slower protein degradability. Our recommendation for plan breeders is that cultivars with higher content of condensed tannins should becreated and introduced in animal nutrition.
EKONOMIČNOST PROIZVODNJE SEMENA CRVENE DETELINE
(Poljoprivredni fakultet univerziteta u Novom Sadu, 2023-01-01) Kostić, Ivica; Radivojević, Gordana; Stanojević-Vasilov, Olivera; Marković, Jordan
Crvena detelina je primarni izvor sena i zelene stočne hrane sa visokim sadržajem proteina, mineralnih materija i vitamina u umerenim klimatskim oblastima. Osim toga, detelina igra važnu ulogu u poboljšanju zemljišta, jer povećava plodnost zemljišta. Unapređenjem proizvodnje višegodišnjih leguminoza stvara se dobra osnova za razvoj stočarske proizvodnje u različitim agroekološkim uslovima Srbije. Takođe se uspostavlja veza između ratarstva i stočarstva, što je od posebne važnosti za očuvanje i povećanje plodnosti oraničnog zemljišta i zaštite agroekosistema. Zbog nedostatka sena, skupo seme nepoznatog porekla uvozi se svake godine iz drugih regiona sa različitim klimatskim uslovima. Uvezeno seme genotipova neprilagođenih našim uslovima po pravilu daje niske prinose semena. U ovom radu sumiramo rezultate nedavnih publikacija koje bacaju novo svetlo na složen proces prinosa semena crvene deteline i razmatramo moguće pravce budućih istraživanja i mesta za poboljšanje prinosa semena crvene deteline.
Evaluation of forage yield and quality of new vetch genotypes in climatic conditions of central Serbia
(2022) Milenković, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana; Marković, Jordan; Petrović, Mirjana; Stanisavljević, Rade; Djokić, Dragoslav; Zornic, Vladimir
Fertility and chemical composition of forest soils covered with Allium ursinum L. In Serbia
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2022-04) Dželetović, Ž.,; Simić, A.; Marković, Jordan; Andrejić, G.; Denader, T.; Babić, Snežana
A. ursinum is a wild growing species, which is often found on various localities throughout Serbia, primarily within forest and occasionally on meadow. Fresh picked leaves and bulbs are used for preparing a salad or meals. For this research we have collected and analyzed soil and plant material from 12 different locations in Serbia. The analyses of basic fertility of soils have shown that A. ursinum grows mainly on acidic and soils containing high percentage of humus, with high total nitrogen content, low to medium supplies in available phosphorus and high supplies in available potassium. In those soils there is a very strong correlation between the total N content and total organic C (0.931). There is a relatively wide range of concentrations of overall Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils on which A. ursinum grows. The translocation factor for A. ursinum is TF ≥1 has been calculated for Cd, Pb and Zn.
Fertility and chemical composition of forest soils covered with Allium ursinum L. In Serbia
(2022-04) Dželetović, S. Ž.; Simić, A.; Marković, Jordan; Andrejić, G.; Denader, T.; Babić, Snežana
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan ; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický, T.; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović, Zora
The content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A isoflavones was studied in natural populations of red and Hungarian clover, to estimate their impact on fodder quality and to determine directions in possible breeding programs. The study included 6 red clover (Trifolium pratense) and 6 Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum) populations, collected in the central Balkans. The differences between the species and among the populations were analysed. The average content of total isoflavones was 1.393 mg g-1 and 0.487 mg g-1 of air dry matter in Hungarian clover, respectively. While the most prevailed isoflavone in red clover was biochanin A (46%), the Hungarian clover populations were rich in genistein (43%). The red clover leaves accumulated the highest content of isoflavones. The Hungarian clover flowers and leaves had an equal amount of isoflavones. The obtained values of the total isoflavones could not affect the overall nutrient quality and therefore, researched natural populations of two clover species could be considered for further breeding programs.
Microbiological and chemical properties of agricultural soils in South-western Serbia
(Serbian Society of Soil Science, 2021-09-21) Andjelković, Snežana; Lugić, Zoran; Babić, Snežana; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Bekčić, Filip
Soil management is important to all agricultural systems and the reduction of soil degradation is a base to sustain future plants production. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil are the most important properties that affect the number of microorganisms, especially pH and organic matter content. The aim of this investigation was to examine microbiological and basic chemical properties of agricultural soils in the south-western part of Serbia. Soil samples from 62 localities of agricultural soil were taken aseptically from a depth of 0-25 cm. Based on the pH value tested soils are acidic, between 3.96 and 6.20, with medium content of humus. Results of this study showed that the presence of microorganisms in the tested soil samples is influenced by numerous factors and that each soil provides different conditions for life of microbes. The total number of microorganisms in soil samples varied from 18 to 122 x 106, the number of free-living nitrogen-fixers from 17 to 95 x 105 and fungi in the range from 3 to 55 x 104 per one gram of absolutely dry soil.
Non-fiber carbohydrates and neutral detergent-soluble fibre in alfalfa
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2021) Marković, Jordan; Babić, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Milenković, Jasmina; Prijović, Mladen; Zornic, Vladimir; Vasić, Tanja
Carbohydrates are important in the nutrition of animals because they are the major source of energy and typically comprise 70 to 80{\%} of the diet. Carbohydrate contents of forage can vary widely due to the interaction of plants and their environment. These variables include: species and variety of the forage, stage of growth and environmental conditions during plant growth. The aim of this study was to estimate the content of NFC-Non-Fiber Carbohydrates and NDSF -- Neutral Detergent Soluble Fiber depending on the stage of growth, cuts and cultivars of alfalfa. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) -- cv K28 selected at Institute for forage crops Kru{\v{s}}evac and cv G+13R+CZ selected at UC Davis Plant Breeding Center, University of California were sampled at three stages of maturity: full bud, early bloom (10-15{\%} of flowering) and mid bloom (50-60{\%} of flowering) in four cuts during the year. Results of this investigation showed that alfalfa cultivars did not differ significantly in NFC and NDSF content. On the other hand, content of NFC decreased from 237.0 to 230.6 g kg -1 DM with growth and development, whereas content of NDSF increased with plant development from 131.5 to 136.8 g kg -1 DM, but the differences between treatments were not significant. The highest content of NFC and NDSF was observed in the third cut. These carbohydrates are considered to be highly digestible and rapidly fermentable. Improving the understanding of this large portion of the dairy cattle diet has the potential to improve animal performance and profitability while maintaining health.
Nutritive value of field pea - oat and common vetch - oat bicrops
(National Library of Serbia, 2023) Marković, Jordan; Milenković, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Racić, Nedeljko; Stepić, Marija; Blagojević
Peas and vetches are the most important plant species for the production of forages, where they can be used as hay, haylage or silage. Due to their specific characteristics - tendency to lodging and high buffering capacity, they are usually grown in a mixture with small grains as support crops to prevent or reduce lodging, reduce buffering capacity, and at the same time obtain biomass suitable for the ensiling process. In pure crops, peas are most often used as green feeds or hay at the stage of first pod formation, while the best quality of vetch dry matter has been achieved by using it at the stage of full flowering or the beginning of first pod formation, when up to 25% of crude protein is obtained in the biomass of pure culture. The nutritive value of pure crops of peas, common vetch and oats, and their mixtures is presented as a function of the structure of the mixtures and the stage of use. Special attention is paid to the content of cell wall components and the dry matter digestibility of these feeds. Because of all of these mentioned above, it is particularly important to choose the right harvesting time to balance the yield and nutritional value of feeds used in bicrops.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS-RED CLOVER MIXTURES DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING RATE IN THE MIXTURES
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Zornic, Vladimir; Racić, Nedeljko; Bekčić, Filip; Stepić, Marija; Kostić, Ivica
More profitable production and better forage quality is achieved by growing grasses and legumes in mixtures. Growing grasses in a mixture with legumes influences a significant amount of nitrogen fixed by Rhizobium bacteria and reduce the using of nitrogen mineral fertilization. Italian ryegrass is an ideal species for growing in a mixture with red clover. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of Italian ryegrass – red clover mixtures depending on the seeding rate of these plants in the mixtures, in the fist and the second cut. Since the trial was not fertilized with N the legumes were required to supply N. The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops Kruševac, Serbia, according to a total randomized block system in three replications. The results of this study showed that better nutritive value was determined in the mixtures with higher seeding rate of red clover in the mixture. In the first cut, the nutritive value of the mixture with the highest Italian ryegrass seeding rate was similar with nutritive value of red clover monocrop. Generally, in conclusion, growing Italian ryegrass in a bi-crop with red clover produces forage of high nutritive value suitable for ruminants feeding.
Poboljšanje kvaliteta semena lucerke i crvene deteline primenom predsetvenih tretmana
(2023-04-25) Štrbanović, Ratibor; Poštić, Dobrivoj; Tabaković, M; Marković, Jordan; Zlatković, N.; Trkulja, N.; Stanisavljević, Rade
Primarily protein fractions by CNCPS (Cornell Net Carbohydrates and Protein System) of apple pomace silages
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture (RIMSA), 2022) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Racić, Nedeljko; Stepić, Marija; Bekčić, Filip; Kostić, I.; Vasić, Tanja
Apple pomace is a nutrient that can be included in a ruminant meal, as fresh, dried and ensiled. Drying the pomace would contribute to its inclusion in the concentrate mixture or as a single feed. The aim of this study was to quantify the primarily protein fractions by CNCPS (Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System) in apple pomace silages ensiled with dry beet pulp, sunflower meal and sugar beet pulp with inoculant andwithout inoculant. Apple pomace (AP) was obtained from the factory Vino Župa Aleksandrovac. Study treatments in the present research of the apple pomace sillage were: added feed (A) and applied inoculant (B): A1- ensiled apple pomace 100% participation (a1b1-apple pomace without inoculants; a1b2-apple pomace with inoculants; A2- apple pomace 85%+15% of dry beet pulp (a2b1-without inoculants; a2b2 with inoculants); A3-apple pomace 85%+15% sunflower meal (a3b1-without inoculants and a3b2 with inoculants); A4-apple pomace 84%+15% sugar beet pulp+Benural S 1% (a4b1-without inoculants and a4b2 with inoculants). Ensiled apple pomace with sunflower meal had the highest TP content, but the lowest NPN content of CP. Ensiled apple pomace with dry beet pulp had the highest IP, but the lowest SolP of CP. Treatments with inoculants had lower NDICP and ADICP than treatments without inoculants
Productivity and Forage Quality of Cocksfoot (Dactilys glomerata L.) Collection
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2021) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Marković, Jordan; Prijović, Mladen; Lazarević, Đorđe
Primary aim in cocksfoot forage breeding is obtaining cultivars with high yield and quality for livestock nutrition. In this study productivity and biomass quality of 19 cocksfoot accessions was investigated, 15 breeding populations originated from the local populations collected mainly in Eastern Serbia, which passed 2 cycles of selection and 4 cultivars. In the planting year plots were cut without weighing. In the next two years, two cuts were taken. The first cut was done at the beginning of heading (the first decade of May) and the second in the first decade of July. The highest dry matter yield in the first cut was determined for DG 6 (13.8 t ha-1) and DG 9 (13.8 t ha-1) accessions, while the most productive accessions in the second cut were DG 6 (4.9 t ha-1) and DG 3 (4.7 t ha-1). The highest dry matter yield in total was found in DG 6 (18.7 t ha-1) and DG 9 (18.4 t ha-1) accessions. Forage quality was determined in two cuts. The best dry matter quality was determined in DG 3, DG 5, DG 9 and DG 15 accessions. For these accessions the highest crude protein content was obtained in the first cut: DG 3 (130.4 g kg-1), DG 5 (130.8 g kg-1), DG 9 (130.7 g kg-1) and DG 15 (130.8 g kg-1) and also in the second cut. In the first cut the lowest ADF content was in DG 3 (332.1 g kg-1), DG 5 (327.5 g kg-1), DG 9 (331.9 g kg-1) and DG 15 (327.4 g kg-1). The lowest values for NDF content in the first cut were in the same accessions: DG 3 (573.5 g kg-1), DG 5 (575.6 g kg-1), DG 9 (576.5 g kg-1) and DG 15 (576.1 g kg-1). Also, the lowest values for ADF and NDF content in the second cut were scored for these accessions.