Institute for Forage Crops

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Institut je specijalizovana naučno-istraživačka organizacija za proučavanje unapređenja proizvodnje voluminozne (kabaste) stočne hrane na oranicama i travnjacima.

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A rapid and cost-effective procedure for delineation and utilization of genomic microsatellites for paralleled genotyping in Vicia faba
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015-03-31) Aleksic, Jelena M; Banović Đeri, Bojana; MILJUŠ-ĐUKIĆ Jovanka; JOVANOVIĆ Živko; Mikić, Aleksandar; Ćupina, Branko; ZLATKOVIĆ Bojan; Andjelković, Snežana; Spanu, Ilaria; Jelić, Mihailo; MAKSIMOVIĆ Vesna
Acid and Temperature Treatments Result in Increased Germination of Seeds of Three Fescue Species
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2012-09-24) Stanisavljevic, Rade; Vučković, Savo; Simić, Aleksandar; Marković, Jordan; Lakic, Zeljko; Terzic, Dragan; DOKIC
Efficient germination of fescue seeds is essential for successful establishment of meadows and pastures. This research was conducted toÂ ascertain the effects of various acid and temperature treatments on seed germination in three fescue species: Festuca rubra, F. ovina, and F.Â pratensis. Seeds from different cultivars, populations, or lots were exposed either to four concentrations of sulfuric acid at three differentÂ time intervals (12 treatments) or six different temperatures at three different time intervals (18 treatments). Despite all belonging to theÂ genus Festuca, the seed from different species responded differently to the treatments. The three optimum treatments for F. rubra seedÂ involved soaking in a 75% solution of sulfuric acid for 20 minutes (improved the germination rate by 19%), soaking in a 50% solutionÂ of sulfuric acid for 30 minutes (improved the germination rate by 18%) and exposure to either 60Â°C or 70Â°C for 90 minutes (improvedÂ the germination rate by 17%). For F. ovina seed, optimal treatments included soaking seeds for either 10 or 20 minutes in a 50% sulfuricÂ acid solution (both treatments improved germination rates by 13%) or exposing seeds for 30 minutes in a 25% sulfuric acid solution andÂ 80Â°C for 60 minutes (improved germination rate by 12%). Two optimal treatments were identified for F. pratensis seed. Whereas theÂ first involved soaking the seeds in a 75% sulfuric acid solution for 30 minutes (improved germination rates by 22%), the second involvedÂ either exposing the seeds to 90Â°C for 90 or 60 minutes, or exposing the seeds to 80Â°C for 90 minutes (improved germination rate by 21%).Â Our findings indicate that if fescue seed is to be sown during the autumn (two to three months after seed collecting), treating it with acidÂ and temperature can significantly enhance its germination.
Actinobacteria-enhanced plant growth, nutrient acquisition, and crop protection: Advances in soil, plant, and microbial multifactorial interactions
(Elsevier BV, 2022-02) MITRA; MONDAL; KHOSHRU; SENAPATI; RADHA; MAHAKUR; UNIYAL; MYO; BOUTAJ; SIERRA; PANNEERSELVAM; GANESHAMURTHY; Andjelković, Snežana; VASIĆ; RANI; DUTTA; MOHAPATRA
An initial metabolomic study on Hungarian clover
(Palacký University Olomouc, 2023-09-10) Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Lugić, Zoran; Stepić, Marija; Prijović, Mladen; Vymyslicky, Tomas; Andjelković, B
Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum Jack.) is the youngest member of the genus Trifolium and is classified as a minorspeciesin terms of cultivation areas. It has a long lifespan, up to 15 years (Nechaeva et al., 2020), is resistant to freezing, diseases, and drought, has good antioxidant potential, and produces one stable harvest annually. Despite these advantages, however, it is not used enough in the production of fodder.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF GRASSLANDS IN THE PODRINJE REGION AS A SOURCE OF HEALTHY ANIMAL FEED
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Radović, Jasmina; Racić, Nedeljko; Sokolović, Dejan; Jerinić, Svetlana; Lugić, Zoran
Grasslands are widespread terrestrial ecosystems with the primary agronomic importance of providing quality fodder for domestic animals. Recent studies have revealed that grasslands in Serbia have an unfavorable floristic composition and low yield, and that they are an insufficient and frequently improperly used resource. The goal of this study was to assess the condition of the grasslands in the Podrinje region using a sample of 49 farms' actively used grasslands. Each of the 49 grasslands was subjected to soil and biomass analyses. Soil laboratory analyses determined the pH value, mineral element content (N, P, K), and carbonate content, whereas biomass analyses determined crude protein content, fiber content (ADF and NDF), and fat content. According to Braun-Blanquet, phytocenological releve were taken on a portion of the grasslands. The results show that the majority of grasslands grow on soils with a low pH value (38), and that the 60% of biomass sampls had a low protein content (>8%), indicating a low nutritional value. Both the low amount of legumes in grasslands - 36 samples had less than 10% of legumes in biomass - and late mowing during the flowering and seed-ripening stages have been attributed for this condition. All farmers received instructions to take steps to improve the floristic composition of grasslands and, as a result, the quality of produced fodder, which will have a positive economic impact in the near future.
An overview of the flora of the special nature reserve "Osredak" a decade upon the completion of the conservation study
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2022-01-25) Petrović, Mirjana; Prijović, Mladen; Živković-Antić, Ivana; Stojanović, Verica; Vymyslický, Tomaš; Stepić, Marija; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan
Since 2020, the "Osredak" Special Nature Reserve has been a protected natural area of the Republic of Serbia, of regional, i.e. great importance. It is situated in central Serbia, along both banks of the West Morava. The area was designated as protected in order to conserve the bog habitats of the Morava River valley, as well as old bayous, ponds and lakes, which were created by decades of gravel extraction. The public-utility company "Kruševac" manages this area, and at its request, cooperation was established with the Istitute for fodder crops Kruševac in order to update the Reserve's flora inventory, with an emphasis on protected plant species, but also on invasive alien species. A list of all plant taxa that have been recorded in the Reserve so far (169 species) and specific solutions that might contribute to the conservation and improvement of natural values of the "Osredak" special nature reserve have also been included in this paper.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF RHIZOBIA AGAINST RED CLOVER PATHOGENS FROM GENUS FUSARIUM
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Bekčić, Filip; Duduk, Natasa; Lugić, Zoran; Radović, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume that can be found in nature or as cultivated crop in monoculture or in grass-legume mixtures. The great importance of red clover is the fact that it lives in symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifoli. In addition to promoting plant growth, productivity and biomass, the bacteria also have an important role in disease control. Apart from useful microorganisms, many soil pathogenic microorganisms inhabit red clover roots and under favorable conditions they cause infections and diseases of the cultivated plants. On the infected red clover plants Fusarium spp. can cause several symptoms: vascular wilt on older plants, dumping of seedlings, root rot, rot of root base and crown rot. In the present study, the antagonistic potential was evaluated for two bacteria isolates preliminarily determined as R. leguminosarum bv. trifoli (CD1 and CD6) against three isolates Fusarium spp. (G1, G2 and G3) who were obtained from the roots of symptomatic red clover plants. The research was performed in in vitro agar plate (PDA medium) by methods of dual culture (“bacterial ring”). The comparison of growth assessment of fungi after they were grown together with rhizobia in a single plate and growth of fungi in individual plates was performed. Both rhizobia isolates showed significant antifungal activity against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Growth inhibition of G1, G2 and G3 was evaluated (%) using both rhizobia isolates, CD1 varied from 30 to 43 % and CD6 from 14 to 32 %.
ANTIFUNGALNA AKTIVNOST ETARSKOG ULJA SATUREJA MONTANA L. PREMA ALTERNARIA SP., PATOGENA STEPSKOG BOŽURA
(Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Beograd, 2023-11-27) Mikić, Sara; Stević, Tatijana; Mrđan, Snežana; Vučković, Nina; Bekčić, Filip; Prijić, Željana; Marković, Tatijana
Rtanjski čaj, planinski čubar ili vrijesak (Satureja montana L.) je višegodišnja žbunasta biljka iz familije Lamiaceae, koja vodi poreklo iz umereno toplih područja Evrope, Mediterana i Afrike. U narodnoj medicini se koristi kao čaj za lečenje bolesti respiratornog, digestivnog i urinarnog sistema. Za spoljnu upotrebu se koristi prilikom upala kože i sluzokože, a kao začin i aromatični dodatak jelima u kulinarstvu. U industrijskoj preradi se koristi za dobijanje etarskog ulja. Etarsko ulje se dobija iz nadzemnog dela biljke. Hemijske komponente ulja su karvakrol, timol, β-kariofilen, γ-terpen, ρ-cimen, linalol i druge. U industriji parfema se kombinuje sa drugim uljima ili koristi samostalno. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita antifungalna aktivnost tri hemotipa etarskog ulja Satureja montana L. prema Alternaria sp. izolovanu iz stabla stepskog božura (Paeonia tenuifolia L.).
Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenols, and Proanthocyanidin Changes during Storage of Fourteen Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Populations from Serbia – A Chemometric Approach
(Informa UK Limited, 2023-06) Mitic, Violeta; Nikolić, Jelena; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Stankov Jovanovic, Vesna; Milenković, Jasmina
Considering the interest in the consumption of faba bean and study of antioxidants in natural food resources, methanol extracts of fourteen Vicia faba cultivars harvested from a two-year field experiment were studied for their phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidines, and antioxidant activities by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical decolorization assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and total reducing power (TRP). The results indicate significant differences among the populations in their content of polyphenols and proanthocyanidine, resulting in variations in antioxidant activity of seed extracts. The storage of V. faba mature seeds under uncontrolled, but identical conditions decreased the total phenol content and antioxidant properties. The total phenols were from 10.12 ± 0.19 to 18.53 ± 0.14 mg GAE g−1 DE (2021 year) and 19.52 ± 0.16 to 26.94 ± 0.34 mg GAE g−1 DE (2022 year). In the 2022 growing season, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity had higher values for all populations from 4.83 ± 0.002 to 6.17 ± 0.003 g mg TE g−1 DE. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis obtained from antioxidative profiles grouped the samples into two major clusters. The first cluster consists of extracts of V. faba cultivars from the 2021 growing season, while the V. faba cultivars from the 2022 growing season are in second cluster. Tested cultivars can be used as a readily available source of natural antioxidants.
Assessment of quality and chemical composition of continental halophytic grasslands in south-east Europe
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2022-03-21) LUKOVIĆ; ŠILC; VASIN; Radović, Jasmina; TOPISIROVIĆ; KOSTIĆ; DAJIĆ STEVANOVIĆ
Continental halophytic grasslands are known for performing of range of ecosystem services especially remarkable in the regions where they are much distributed – in arid and semi-arid areas. Continental halophytic grasslands of the Central and South-East Europe are not considered as favourable for arable farming, however, traditional animal husbandry plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and preserving these natural habitats. The particular interest of this study is the assessment of the chemical composition of biomass and the quality of insufficiently studied halophytic grassland communities of the central Balkans. In addition, the differences in pastoral value were monitored along the geographical gradient, i.e., between grasslands situated in the Pannonian plain (grasslands of Alliance Puccinellion limosae) and those distributed on the south Serbia (Alliance Festucion pseudovinae). The study was carried out at 18 representative sites, focusing on the saline grasslands of the two distinct regions – on the north and on the south of Serbia. The obtained results show that the halophytic grasslands have satisfying quality characteristics (average values: dry matter - 93.67%, crude protein - 8.66%, cellulose - 30.36%, crude fat - 2.27%) compared with other studied grasslands of saline habitats. There were no significant differences in quality and chemical composition of grasslands of the two regions, despite differences in floristic composition, indicating that salinity is the key determinant for pastoral value of the halophytic vegetation. The certain variations were attributed to the specific floristic composition related to ecological conditions and halophytic community characteristics.
Autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance Thymus vulgaris growth in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions
(Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 2021-12-06) Stamenov, Dragana; Djuric, Simonida; Hajnal Jafari, Timea; Andjelković, Snežana
Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth
(MDPI AG, 2021-09-10) Krga; Simić, Aleksandar; Željko, Dželetović; Babić, Snežana; Katanski, Snežana; Roljević Nikolić, Svetlana; Damnjanović, Jelena
In limited growing conditions, intercropped field peas and oats can represent a significant source of forage rich in protein. If applied correctly, factors such as nitrogen fertilizer, the mowing phase, and sowing norms can significantly increase the productivity of these mixtures. Field trials were conducted to examine their productivity under different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 kg ha−1), different sowing norms/mixtures (field peas: oats—100:15%; 100:30%), and two stages of growth (full flowering, full pod formation). Nitrogen fertilizer and different sowing norms had a significant effect on the biomass, hay, and crude protein yields. On average, the highest hay yields were achieved with 80 kg ha−1 N (4.96 t ha−1), followed by 40 kg ha−1 N (4.27 t ha−1). The highest protein yields were achieved with 40 kg ha−1 N (CP—704.1 kg ha−1), followed by 80 kg ha−1 N (CP—637.6 kg ha−1). Sowing norm 100:30% achieved higher hay yields: 100:30%—4.82 t ha−1; 100:15%—4.44 t ha−1, while 100:15% achieved higher crude protein yields: 100:15%—730.4 kg ha−1; 100:30%—692.7 kg ha−1 on average. The costs were not significantly increased with the nitrogen fertilizer, but the net profits were increased by as much as 163%, depending on the nitrogen level and the mixture. Nitrogen fertilizer also achieves higher economic efficiency for the mixture 100:15% compared to the 100:30% mixture. Mixtures of field peas and oats outperform single-grown crops and provide cost-effective feed for a short time. Using optimal seed ratios and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of the feed with minimal impact on the overall production costs.
Botanical composition and biomass quality in natural grasslands of southeast part of Serbia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2022-10-06) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Prijović, Mladen; Tomić, Dalibor; Lazarević, Đorđe
Cell Wall Components of Italian Ryegrass Depending on the Harvest and Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2023-10-01) Marković, Jordan; Petrović, Mirjana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Vasić, Tanja; Štrbanović, Ratibor
The importance of perennial grasses is multiple. They represent the basis of sustainable animal husbandry and the basis of the animal feed industry, forming the staple food of ruminants in areas with a moderate climate as components of natural and sown grasslands, natural and sown meadows that can be used through mowing, haylage and silage. Adequate and advanced management of perennial grasses results in low prices offorages, significantly lower than concentrated feed. Italian ryegrass is characterized by rapid development and production of a large amount of quality forage crops.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEMON GRASS EXTRACTS
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2023-03-17) Mladenovic, Jelena; Jovanović, Djordje; Pavlović, Nenad; Đurić, Milena; Zdravković, Jasmina
The plant lemon grass (Aloisia citrodora) was used as material in this work. The percentage of dry matter, organic acids and cellulose, was determined from the fresh plant material. Extracts are obtained from chopped dry lemongrass leaves. Extraction was done by maceration, Soxhlet and ultrasound. The content of extracted matter in the obtained extracts was determined, as was the content of vitamin C.
CONTENT OF POLYPHENOL COMPOUNDS IN THE DRY MATTER OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2023-03-17) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Zornic, Vladimir
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of harvest time and nitrogen fertilizer application on the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins in the dry matter of Italian ryegrass. The plants were harvest in 2017, in spring and early summer. The results obtained in this study showed that the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins in the dry matter of Italian ryegrass (12.45 g / 100 g dry matter, 7.45 g / 100 g dry matter and 956.55 mg / 100 g dry matter, respectively) were higher when the plants harvested in early summer than in the spring. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not have effect on the synthesis of polyphenolic compounds.
Determination of green forage and silage protein degradability of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixtures grown in Serbia
(Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, 2017-09-16) Blagojević; Djordevic, Nenad; Dinic, Bora; Marković, Jordan; Vasic, Tanja; Milenković; Petrović, Mirjana
EFFECT OF AZOTOBACTER SPP. ON INITIAL GROWTH OF GRASSES
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2023-10-05) Andjelković, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Lugić, Zoran; Jevtić, Goran; Radović, Jasmina; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana
The composition of the microbial community in rhizosphere can affect plant growth, nutrients uptake, and stress tolerance. In rhizosphere bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter there are free nitrogen-fixers promoting growth and health of plants. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different native isolates (SA74, SB94, MA7 and their combination) Azotobacter spp. on initial growth of plants tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Scherb) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds). The experiment was carried out in semi-controlled conditions. For this study, seeds of tall fescue cultivar Kruševački 20 (K-20) and meadow fescue cultivar Kruševački 21 (K-21) were planted in pots filled with alluvial soil with slightly acidic reaction. The height, green mass per plant, root length and root weight per plant were determined. Four variants of microbial inoculation were compared with the growth of non-inoculated control. The significance of difference between examined treatments was determined by Fisher’s LSD test (p<0.05). At tall fescue, applied isolate SB94 in all investigated parameters had a negative effect. The two other isolates as well as combination of three isolates had a positive effect on initial growth of plants. Only in plant height, the application of a combination of isolates did not have positive result compared to the control. At meadow fescue, inoculation with combined isolates positively influenced plant height andgreen mass per plant. Root length was significantly increased only in treatment with isolate MA7. The influence of inoculation on root weight per plant was not noted.
Effect of condensed tannins concentrations on protein degradability of red clover, Italian ryegrass and their mixtures
(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, 2023-10-04) Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Štrbanović, Ratibor
Growing grasses in a mixture with legumes leads to more profitabl production, better quality of forages, an increase in soil biogenicity and fixation of a significant amount of nitrogen. The experiment was established as a two factorial trial by the method of randomized complete block design in three replications. Italian ryegrass – monocrop (IR), red clover – monocrop (RC) and their mixtures – IR:RC (15:5 kg ha-1), IR:RC (15:10 kg ha-1), IR:RC (20:5 kg ha-1) and IR:RC (20:10 kg ha-1) were planted in November 2016, with the first cutting in the spring 2017 – on May the 9th, and the second cutting in the early summer – on June the 22nd. Theaim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of phenolic compounds such as condensed tannins in Italian ryegrass, red clover and their mixtures, as well as their concentrations impact on protein degradability in the rumen depends on the seeding rate in the mixtures and harvested in the spring and early summer. Results obtained in this study showed that higher concentrations of non-protein nitrogen and soluble protein in forages harvested in the spring influenced higher rapidly degradable protein concentration in investigated mixtures. The highest rumenundegradable protein was determined in Italian ryegrass monocrop harvested inearly summer, and we assume that high condensed tannins concentrationinfluenced the slower protein degradability. Our recommendation for plan breeders is that cultivars with higher content of condensed tannins should becreated and introduced in animal nutrition.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertiliser and Lime on the Floristic Composition, Soil Microbes and Dry Matter Yield of Danthonietum calycinae Grassland
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2019-11-08) Zornic, Vladimir; Stevović, Vladeta; Lugić, Zoran; Andjelković, Snežana; Jevtić, Goran; Radović, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana
Natural grasslands are significant resources for forage production, which is not exploited enough, mostly because of low production, as a result of bad grasslands management. The research has been carried out on the association Danthonietum calycinae to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen application rates (N20, N80 and N140) and lime (1 tha-1) on the floristic composition, soil microbes and dry matter yield. Botanic composition was strongly influenced by the treatments, especially by N applications. Nitrogen fertilisation led to significant increase of grass species in the association (from 57% to 82%), while higher rate of nitrogen caused a significant decrease of plants from other families (especially legumes). Application of low and medium rate of nitrogen positively effect on microbial abundant in soil, but the highest dose (140 kg N) reduced all microbial count, except fungi. Mineral nitrogen fertilisation had a favourable effect on dry matter yield in all treatments. The highest increase in dry matter yield relative to the control was in N140 treatments (6.66 t ha-1). Results indicated that optimal applications of nutrients for this association is application of PK and lime and 80 kg of nitrogen which enable high yield (6.38 t ha-1) in comparison with control (3.16 t ha-1) and preserving soil fertility and the environment at the same time.

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