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Alfalfa and red clover as a protein source for ruminants
(Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, 2021-10-06) Marković, Jordan; Milenković, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana
High level of milk protein, increased dietary costs, as well as care for the environment have made nitrogen utilization a central component in balancing ruminant meals. Excess crude protein in meals can lead to unnecessary dietary costs, without resulting in increased milk and milk protein production. In addition, most of the excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine and is an ecologically labile form. On the other hand, poor amino acids balance will limit milk protein yield, making production more expensive than overeating. Balancing protein according to metabolic needs, with an adequate ratio of rumen undegradable protein and rumen degradable protein, and without overeating will have positive effects not only on meal price and profitability, but also on the environment. More efficient utilization of nutrients requires knowledge of how different fractions of nutrients pass through the digestive tract. Grass and legumes contain the largest and most variable part of non-protein nitrogen compounds. Although, a number of non-protein nitrogen compounds and true protein together represent crude protein, it is clear that the nutritional value of crude protein in ruminant feeds is better explained based on their rate and extent of rumen degradation. There are a number of factors that affect the amount of crude protein that will be degraded in the rumen. Legumes are high quality forages rich in protein, but these proteins are intensively degraded in the rumen. Red clover proteins are more slowly degraded than alfalfa protein.
Effect of processing on vitamin C content, total phenols and antioxidative activity of organically grown red beetroot ('Beta vulgaris' ssp. 'Rubra')
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2021) Pavlović, Nenad; Mladenović, Jelena; Stevović, Vladeta; Bošković-Rakočević, Ljiljana; Moravčević, Đorđe; Poštić, Dobrivoj; Zdravković, Jasmina
The demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 70 ºC and 90 ºC into beet juice or by drying at 55 ºC. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90 ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 70 ºC. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966).
Autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance Thymus vulgaris growth in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions
(Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 2021-12-06) Stamenov; Djuric; Hajnal-Jafari; Andjelković, Snežana
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of medicinal plants is crucial, because agricultural chemicals are no longer acceptable in their production. This paper discusses the results of a recent study undertaken to isolate and characterize PGPR isolates of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) rhizospheric soil and monitor the effect of their application on seed germination and plant growth. The effect of selected isolates on seed germination and initial growth of common thyme was examined in controlled conditions. The impact of the isolates on the content of biochemical stress markers (total phenols and lipid peroxidation intensity) in germinated seeds was determined. The influence of the isolates on the plant growth under well-watered conditions (watered to 80% of water holding capacity (WHC)) and under water deficit stress (watered to 40% of WHC) was evaluated by measuring plant root and stem length in semi-controlled conditions. This study confirmed that indigenous rhizospheric bacteria of common thyme have multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. Among Bacillus 10 isolates, Pseudomonas 12 isolates and Azotobacter 9 isolates, only Pseudomonas isolate (P53) had all the tested PGP properties. The applied isolates had a positive effect on the examined plant growth parameters. The highest percentage of germination was determined in the treatment with P53 isolate (96%). The highest response for vigour index was observed with isolate A1 (3807%). All isolates, except B58 and B60, reduced stress by lowering the amount of both or at least one stress related molecules. The results of the experiment led to the conclusion that isolates Azotobacter sp. A1 and Pseudomonas sp. P53, both ACC-deaminase-producing bacteria, have the best effect on plant growth under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, which indicates their potential to be used as a biofertiliser for promoting common thyme growth.
Protein and carbohydrate fractions of common vetch-oat mixtures depending on stage of growth and seeding rate in the mixtures
(Pensoft Publishers, 2020-11-08) Marković, Jordan; Vasić, Tanja; Terzić, Dragan; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Knežević, Jasmina; Blagojević, Milomir; Lazarević, Đorđe
The production and utilization of intercropped legume- cereal bi-crops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons – legumes are rich in terms of protein concentration, whereas cereals are characterized by higher carbohydrate contents. To improve utilization of common vetch-oat mixtures as feed in Serbia, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions in these feeds using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) depending on the stage of plant development and seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac – Serbia, in 2015. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In this research, pure stands of common vetch and oat, and their seed mixtures (common vetch:oat – 1:1.5; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were studied harvested at three different cutting stages: beginning of vetch flowering – 10% of flowering; forming the first pods on 2/3 vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. The samples were analyzed for protein and carbohydrate fractions according to CNCPS. Stage of growth affected significantly all carbohydrate and protein fractions, except unavailable PC fraction of crude protein which did not change with plant growth and development. The highest protein fraction was intermediately degraded PB2 fraction of crude protein. The highest carbohydrate fraction was available cell wall – CB3 fraction of carbohydrate. According to the results obtained in these investigations, it was concluded that common vetch-oat mixtures varied significantly with respect to their carbohydrate and protein fraction. Due to lower CC fraction, oat was superior feed in terms of total carbohydrates supply to ruminants. Among all investigated mixtures and pure stand of oat and common vetch, it could be conclude that mixture with 1:1 common vetch-oat rate was superior because of higher CA and CB3 fractions of total carbohydrate and the highest PB2 fraction of crude protein.
Isoflavones of the red and Hungarian clover and possible impact on animal diet
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021-06-29) Petrović, Mirjana; Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Vymyslický, T.; Marković, Jordan; Zornic, Vladimir; Dajić-Stevanović, Zora
The content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A isoflavones was studied in natural populations of red and Hungarian clover, to estimate their impact on fodder quality and to determine directions in possible breeding programs. The study included 6 red clover (Trifolium pratense) and 6 Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum) populations, collected in the central Balkans. The differences between the species and among the populations were analysed. The average content of total isoflavones was 1.393 mg g-1 and 0.487 mg g-1 of air dry matter in Hungarian clover, respectively. While the most prevailed isoflavone in red clover was biochanin A (46%), the Hungarian clover populations were rich in genistein (43%). The red clover leaves accumulated the highest content of isoflavones. The Hungarian clover flowers and leaves had an equal amount of isoflavones. The obtained values of the total isoflavones could not affect the overall nutrient quality and therefore, researched natural populations of two clover species could be considered for further breeding programs.
Amelioration of thermal stress in crops by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
(Elsevier BV, 2021-08) Mitra; Díaz Rodríguez; Parra Cota; Khoshru; Panneerselvam; Moradi; Sagarika; Andjelković, Snežana; Santos-Villalobos; Das Mohapatra
Crops are affected by various types of abiotic stress, resulting in a decrease in agricultural productivity thereby challenging food-security issues. Among the different types of abiotic stresses, the temperature has been regarded as a major one followed by salt and drought stress. The increasing temperature causes an alteration in the period of growth and the distribution of crop plants. High-temperature also damages the membrane, some proteins, inactivate the main enzymes and disturb the synthesis of biomolecules. Moreover, heat stress has been found to restrict the process of cell division as well. On the other hand, low-temperature is the main determinant of freezing which results in the reduction of plant cellular metabolism. Freezing stress forms ice-crystals in the cells that further leads to cell death due to dehydration and leakage of electrolyte. Generally, the stress tolerance in crops has been determined based on the cultivar's ability to withstand freezing temperatures; however, with advancements in microbiological techniques, several stress-tolerant microbes have been identified which either through direct or indirect mechanisms alleviate temperature-stress in plants. Furthermore, the function of cryoprotectant compounds and their signaling mechanisms in plants have been also discussed in detail for signifying their role in the alleviation of cold stress in plants. This review highlights the responses of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are metabolically active under thermal stress conditions, and result in the production of metabolites that promotes plant growth and facilitate the uptake of nutrients under thermal stress in agro-ecosystems.
Biomass and Protein Yields of Field Peas and Oats Intercrop Affected by Sowing Norms and Nitrogen Fertilizer at Two Different Stages of Growth
(MDPI AG, 2021-09-10) Krga; Simić; Dželetović; Babić, Snežana; Katanski; Nikolić; Damnjanović
In limited growing conditions, intercropped field peas and oats can represent a significant source of forage rich in protein. If applied correctly, factors such as nitrogen fertilizer, the mowing phase, and sowing norms can significantly increase the productivity of these mixtures. Field trials were conducted to examine their productivity under different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 kg ha−1), different sowing norms/mixtures (field peas: oats—100:15%; 100:30%), and two stages of growth (full flowering, full pod formation). Nitrogen fertilizer and different sowing norms had a significant effect on the biomass, hay, and crude protein yields. On average, the highest hay yields were achieved with 80 kg ha−1 N (4.96 t ha−1), followed by 40 kg ha−1 N (4.27 t ha−1). The highest protein yields were achieved with 40 kg ha−1 N (CP—704.1 kg ha−1), followed by 80 kg ha−1 N (CP—637.6 kg ha−1). Sowing norm 100:30% achieved higher hay yields: 100:30%—4.82 t ha−1; 100:15%—4.44 t ha−1, while 100:15% achieved higher crude protein yields: 100:15%—730.4 kg ha−1; 100:30%—692.7 kg ha−1 on average. The costs were not significantly increased with the nitrogen fertilizer, but the net profits were increased by as much as 163%, depending on the nitrogen level and the mixture. Nitrogen fertilizer also achieves higher economic efficiency for the mixture 100:15% compared to the 100:30% mixture. Mixtures of field peas and oats outperform single-grown crops and provide cost-effective feed for a short time. Using optimal seed ratios and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of the feed with minimal impact on the overall production costs.
Bioinformatics’ role in studying microbe-mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
(Woodhead Publishing (Elsevier), 2021) Mitra, D.; Chaudhary, P.; Vermac, D.; Khoshrud, B.; Senapati, A.; Mahakur, B.; Panneerselvame, P.; Das Mohapatra, P.K.; Andjelković, Snežana
Stress mitigation strategies present in plants alleviate stress caused by biotic and abiotic factors. In the current era, multi-omics approaches involving genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have expanded the horizon of molecular events participating in response to environmental and edaphic mediated stresses. The vigilant amalgamation of these approaches have supported a high level of information generated about root-level mechanisms involved in the alleviation of different plant-stress. Different bioinformatics tools provide a way in which huge amount of data are interpreted in a better form. This combination of multi-omics and bioinformatics approaches increases the genetic knowledge of researchers to improve the plant varieties in respect to their stress tolerance potential. Here, we provide an overview of bioinformatics resources, describing collections from multi-omics approaches, ranging from raw-data to complete databases, particularly highlighting those tools which have been used for answering the long-standing questions in the field of biotic and abiotic stress research.
Penicillium crustosum - проузроковач плаве трулежи плодова нектарине
(Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, 2022-11-28) Bekčić, Filip; Vico, I.; Vučković, N.; Mikić, S.; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana; Duduk, Natasa
Специфичности производње различитих категорија сертификованог семена стрних жита у Републици Србији
(Institut za povrtarstvo Smederevska Palanka, 2022) Perišić, Vladimir; Perišić, Vesna; Luković, Kristina; Bratković, Kamenko; Babić, Snežana
U proizvodnji atestiranih količina semena strnih žita u Republici Srbiji primetno je da se koriste veće proizvodne površine u Vojvodini u tu svrhu, kao i dominantan položaj stranih sorti kod pšenice i ječma, dok je kod tritikalea i ovsa obrnut slučaj.
Утицај инокулације на квалитет ферментације и хемијски састав силаже луцерке
(Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac,, 2022-03-25) Lazarević, Đorđe; Stevović, Vladeta; Radović, Jasmina; Tomić, Dalibor; Marković, Jordan; Prijović, Mladen; Zornic, Vladimir
U cilju procene uticaja inokulanta „BioStabil Plus“ na proces siliranja lucerke, analizirani su parametri kvaliteta fermentacije (pH, sadržaj sirćetne, buterne, mlečne kiseline, amonijačnog i vodorastvorljivog azota u ukupnom azotu) i hemijskog sastava silaže (sirovi proteini, sirova celuloza, sirove masti, bezazotne ekstraktivne materije i pepeo), kao i ocena kvaliteta silaže (DLG i Zelter). Biomasa lucerke u fazi početka cvetanja silirana je bez dodataka i sa dodatkom inokulanta. Dodavanjem inokulanta utvrđeno je sniženje pH vrednosti, povećana proizvodnja mlečne kiseline, smanjena proizvodnja sirćetne kiseline, uz povoljan odnos ovih kiselina (2-3:1). Unošenjem inokulanta ostvaren je poboljšan kvalitet fermentacije, čime je dobijena bolja očuvanost hranljivih materija što se posebno odnosi na sirove proteine, s obzirom da je primenom inokulanta takođe utvrđeno smanjenje sadržaja amonijačnog azota u odnosu na kontrolu (inokulacija - 12,28 % NH3-N/ΣN, kontrola – 17,42% NH3-N/ΣN). Opšti zaključak je da biomasi lucerke treba dodavati inokulante, u svrhu optimalne produkcije mlečne i sirćetne kiseline, kao i dobijanja veće hranljive vrednosti.
Утицај минералних ђубрива на флористички састав и принос травне заједнице Festuco-nardetum strictae subalpinum
(Agronomski fakultet u Čačku, 2022) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Andjelković, Snežana; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Lugić, Zoran; Marković, Jordan
Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja različitih doza mineralnih đubriva na travnu zajednicu Festuco-Nardetum strictae subalpinum. Tokom istraživanja ispitivan je uticaj tretmana đubriva: kontrola, N60P60K60; N90P60K60; N120P60K60, na floristički sastav i prinos suve materije. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je na svim đubrenim tretmanima udeo trava u biomasi povećan, dok je udeo biljaka iz grupe ostalih smanjen u odnosu na kontrolu. Primena mineralnih đubriva dovela je do povećanja indeksa kvaliteta i prinosa ispitivane zajednice. u obe godine istraživanja.
Foliar application of zinc in the production of red clover seed on acid soil
(2022) Tomić, Dalibor; Stevović, Vladeta; Đurović, Dragan; Madic, Milomirka; Lazarević, Đorđe; Knežević, Jasmina; Marjanović, Miloš; Pavlović, Nenad; Popadić, A.
Uticaj pred tretmana na semenu i temperature u klijalištu na klijavost četiri partija semena Festuloliuma
(2022) Stanisavljević, Rade; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Poštić, Dobrivoj; Tabaković, Marijenka; Đokić, Dragoslav; Beković, Dragoljub; Milenković, Jasmina
A species called Festulolium was created in the middle of the last century by crossing two genuses: Lolium and Festuca. This was followed by a period of research on Festulolium from the aspect of genetics and breeding, seed production, cultivation, technology and use. We conducted various pre-treatment impact studies on Festulolium seeds: i) cooling at 5-7 oC for 3 days, ii) application of KNO3 on seed germination medium, and the third pre-treatment was control, without pre-treatment (iii). After pre-treatment (i, ii, iii), seed germination have examined at the following temperature regimes (provided by the seed quality regulations): 20 oC (dark); alternately 20oC/ 30oC (light /dark); and 30 oC (dark). The tests were performed on four seed lots of the variety Peron, in four replicates. The germination temperature of 30 oC reduced germination and increased dead seed and abnormal germination in all pre-treatments. The variant without the application of pre-treatment had a significantly lower overall germination in the assessment of Festulolium seed quality. Seed lots showed a high influence on the Festulolium seed quality.
Evaluation of forage yield and quality of new vetch genotypes in climatic conditions of central Serbia
(2022) Milenković, Jasmina; Andjelković, Snežana; Marković, Jordan; Petrović, Mirjana; Stanisavljević, Rade; Djokić, Dragoslav; Zornic, Vladimir
Persistency and productivity of Festulolium cultivars in agroecological conditions of Serbia
(2022) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Kopecky, D.; Ghesquière, M.; Andjelković, Snežana; Petrović, Mirjana; Prijović, Mladen
Festulolium are hybrids obtained by inter crossing of species from the genera Festuca and Lolium. Initially, idea was to combine Festuca tolerance to abiotic stresses and edaphic and climatic adaptability with Lolium high yield, digestibility and compatibility with intensive grasslands management. All Festulolium cultivars of the predominant contribution of Lolium genome (Lolioid type) are productive, with high quality and digestible forage, but their areal of cropping is limited according to Lolium drought susceptibility. Persistency and productivity of 15 different Lolioid Festulolium cultivars and 6 standard Festuca and Lolium species cultivars were investigated in a moderate continental climate in Kruševac, Serbia. Plots in the trial (7,5m2 ) were completely randomized, each in 3 replications. Summer persistency was analyzed by evaluation of ground cover reduction after summer periods in the second and third years. Concerning hybrid combination, best persistency (38.5% of coverage reduction in the third year) was determined for hybrid between Lolium multiflorum x Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens even though there was only one cultivar of this type. The majority of cultivars were Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis hybrids (8) and they showed residual coverage between 30 and 52%. At the end of the third year of the study, the highest dry matter yield was determined for hybrids Lolium multiflorum x Festuca gigantea and Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis type. The general conclusion is that most cultivars suffered from severe stand density reduction after the first year of cutting and therefore had a lower dry matter yield compared to Festuca control cultivars, but showed significantly better persistency and higher values for dry matter yield in comparison with Lolium cultivars.
The response different cultivars of red clover to microbial inoculation
(2022) Andjelković, Snežana; Lugić, Zoran; Babić, Snežana; Milenković, Jasmina; Jevtić, Goran; Bekčić, Filip; Petrović, Mirjana
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of microbial inoculationon on yield parameters different cultivars red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This plant species is economical significance is based on high potential for production of biomass with high content of crude protein in biomass. It is a legume well adapted to poorly drained soils and tolerant to lower soil pH and fertility. The experiment was set up in a greenhouse, in the semi-controlled conditions. For the purposes of research ten commercial red clover cultivars of different geographical origin were used. The inoculation was done using Streptomyces sp. (actinomycetes).
Primarily protein fractions by CNCPS (Cornell Net Carbohydrates and Protein System) of apple pomace silages
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture (RIMSA), 2022) Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Racić, Nedeljko; Stepić, Marija; Bekčić, Filip; Kostić, I.; Vasić, Tanja
Apple pomace is a nutrient that can be included in a ruminant meal, as fresh, dried and ensiled. Drying the pomace would contribute to its inclusion in the concentrate mixture or as a single feed. The aim of this study was to quantify the primarily protein fractions by CNCPS (Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System) in apple pomace silages ensiled with dry beet pulp, sunflower meal and sugar beet pulp with inoculant andwithout inoculant. Apple pomace (AP) was obtained from the factory Vino Župa Aleksandrovac. Study treatments in the present research of the apple pomace sillage were: added feed (A) and applied inoculant (B): A1- ensiled apple pomace 100% participation (a1b1-apple pomace without inoculants; a1b2-apple pomace with inoculants; A2- apple pomace 85%+15% of dry beet pulp (a2b1-without inoculants; a2b2 with inoculants); A3-apple pomace 85%+15% sunflower meal (a3b1-without inoculants and a3b2 with inoculants); A4-apple pomace 84%+15% sugar beet pulp+Benural S 1% (a4b1-without inoculants and a4b2 with inoculants). Ensiled apple pomace with sunflower meal had the highest TP content, but the lowest NPN content of CP. Ensiled apple pomace with dry beet pulp had the highest IP, but the lowest SolP of CP. Treatments with inoculants had lower NDICP and ADICP than treatments without inoculants
Inhibitory effect of an emulsion of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil on Amaranthus retroflexus seed germination
(Serbian Plant Physiology Society, 2022-10-06) Jovanović, V.; Prijović, Mladen; Nikolić, B.; Dragićević, I.; Nestorović Živković, J.; Dmitrović, S.; Giba, Z.
Botanical composition and biomass quality in natural grasslands of southeast part of Serbia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, 2022-10-06) Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Prijović, Mladen; Tomić, Dalibor; Lazarević, Đorđe

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