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Item Trace elements in the soil-plant system: Alfalfa and nickel case study(ECSSS, 2025-09-08) Milinković, M.; Pešić, M.; Tošić Jojević, S.; Andjelković, Snežana; Sikirić, B.; Stajković Srbinović, O.In Serbian soils, nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) are found in elevated concentrations over significant areas, often these elements origin is geochemical (from basic and ultrabasic rocks which account for about 4% of territory), but it can also be the result of anthropogenic pollution. Elevated Ni and Cr concentrations often occur in soils, which are generally suitable for agricultural production, including alfalfa cultivation. With the aim to select the nickel contaminated soil, agricultural soils from 15 locations in the central part of the country were examined for basic soil properties, and content and solubility of heavy metals. The soils with contrasting Ni concentrations (with slightly elevated and remediation Ni concentrations) were selected for further monitoring of alfalfa-soil interactions and elements translocation. The both soils were slightly acidic, moderately supplied with humus, nitrogen and available potassium, with clay mechanical composition. In addition, the inoculation with effective nitrogen-fixing bacteria rhizobia was performed at the beginning of trial, to ensure stable yields, and to examine the effect of strains on the accumulation of trace metals in the above-ground part of plants. Lower solubility of metals in weakly acidic soil and adsorption on clay minerals possibly affected the lower mobility and accessibility of elements in the soil. There is a pronounced accumulation of elements in the roots of the plant, which is confirmed by the translocation factor, which is generally less than 1. The Ni concentrations in alfalfa shoots varied depending on the strain, soil Ni and growing conditions, where inoculation with some strains reduced the Ni concentration compared to uninoculated plants. Concentrations of all tested elements were mostly in the range of common values for plants. In the soil with a higher content of Ni and Cr, significantly higher concentrations of these elements were found in all treatments, but a greater mass of alfalfa was also measured. The results indicate that inoculation of alfalfa with effective rhizobial strains showed potential for improvement of plants growth and phytostabilisation of trace elements in the soils. Further research is necessary to enable a better explanation of the relationships in the soil-plant-microorganisms system.Item Examination of Microbiological Properties of Agricultural Soils on Area the Municipality of Lučani(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2025-10-02) Jevtić, Goran; Andjelković, Snežana; Babić, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Racić, Nedeljko; Mitra, D.; Zornic, VladimirItem The Eeffect of Oxalic Acid on the Control of Varroa Destructor During Autumn Season 2023 and 2024(Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2025-10-02) Nedić, N.; Vojt, D.; Matović, K.; Jevtić, GoranItem Kolekcioninisanje semena krmnih vrsta na području Slovačke(Smederevska Palanka : Institut za povrtarstvo, 2025-11-06) Petrović, Mirjana; Racić, Nedeljko; Zornic, Vladimir; Babić, Snežana; Andjelković, Snežana; Lugić, ZoranKako bi proces selekcije krmnih kultura u Institutu za krmno bilje neometano tekao i kako bi se obogatila postojeća kolekcija, tokom nešto duže od jedne decenije organizuje se prikupljanje semena divljih srodnika gajenih vrsta na prostoru Srbije, Češke i Slovačke. U 2025. godini kolekcionisanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 18.08. do 22.08. u zaštićenom području Bjeli Karpati, Republike Slovačke. Prostor se geomorfološki može okarakterisati kao blago pobrđe do brdsko područje, sa intenzivno razvijenom poljoprivredom i ratarskim kulturama u dolinama, i dobro održavanim travnjacima na padinama i nešto višim regijama. Kolekcionisanjem je obuhvaćen visinski gradijent od 234 m do 624 m n.v. Uzorci su prikupljeni na kserotermnim i mezofilnim livadama, obodu šuma ili pokraj lokalnih puteva. U ekspediciji je učestvovalo 6 institucija i 17 istraživača. Predmet kolekcionisanja bile su krmne, lekovite i ukrasne vrste. Tokom pet dana obišli smo 14 lokaliteta i prikupljeno je ukupno 100 uzoraka. Svi uzorci su opisani kompletnim pasoškim podacima, počevši od akronima ekspedicije, opisom lokaliteta, nazivom vrste, institucijom koja je sakupila uzorak, grupisani u exel tabeli i podeljeni svim učesnicima ekspedicije. Mi smo sakupili 38 uzoraka među kojima su predstavnici 20 vrsta koje pripadaju familijama Poaceae i Fabaceae. Vrste koje su zastupljene u ovoj kolekciji su: Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P.Beauv., Bromus erectus Huds., Medicago falcata L., Astragalus glycyphyllos L., Trifolium alpestre L., Lotus corniculatus L., Phleum bulbosum L., Trifolium arvense L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Trifolium rubens L., Dorycnium germanicum L. i dr. Prikupljeni uzorci semena su ostavljeni na dodatno dozrevanje i sušenje, nakon čega će biti očišćeni od svih primesa i trajno deponovani kao deo aktivne kolekcije Instituta za krmno bilje. Za potrebe dalje selekcije vršiće se evaluacija prikupljenog materijala u poljskim i laboratorijskim uslovima.Item The effects of eight years of liming and fertilizer addition on the Danthonia alpina type grassland in the mountain region of Republic of Serbia(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 2025) Zornic, Vladimir; Lugić, Zoran; Racić, Nedeljko; Andjelković, Snežana; Tomić, Dalibor; Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Petrović, MirjanaThe use of mineral fertilizers changes the floristic composition of grassland communities and increases productivity. However, fewer studies have been conducted on the medium-term (5--10 years) effects of mineral fertilizers on yield and floristic composition, particularly on changes in soil microbiom. After eight years (2012-2020), the effect of fertilizers (control -- no fertilizers, PK-60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K2O, N20PK-20 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K20, N80PK-80 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K20, and N140PK-140 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5, 60 kg ha-1 K20) and liming (no lime and lime with 1 t/ha) on the grassland community of Danthonia alpina Vest (syn Danthonia calycina) were observed. We researched the effects treatments on productivity and share of grasses (Fam Poaceae), legumes (fam Leguminosae) and forbs (other species). Soil microbiome have been identified by analyzing the number of: total microbial count, fungi, free living nitrogen fixers and actinomycetes. PK treatments stimulated legumes, while grass cover decreased. Also increasing nitrogen added, grass cover abundance has risen. Liming significantly increased the total number of microorganisms and actinomycetes, while the number of fungi was significantly reduced. Treatment N80PK involved the greatest amount of microbes and fungus, whereas treatment PK contained the highest number of actinomycetes and free nitrogen fixers. According to the results, fertilizer treatments showed a significant increase yield and it gradually rose as applied nitrogen increased. The highest yield compared to the control (1,8 t ha-1) was achieved in N140PK (5,68 t ha-1), however, it was not significantly different to the N80PK (5,27 t ha-1). The yield was not significantly increased by raising the nitrogen content from 80 t ha-1to 140 t ha-1, but abundance of the most of examined groups of microorganisms significantly decreased, so the dose N140PK is not completely appropriate.Item Microbial community in alfalfa rhizosphere in response to increased nickel concentration.(Serbian Society of Soil Science, 2025-10-20) Pešić, M.; Tošić Jojević, S.; Sikirić, B.; Mrvić, V.; Andjelković, Snežana; Buzurović, U.; Delić, D.; Stajković Srbinović, O.Rhizosphere is a very active region containing many microorganisms involved in complex biological and ecological processes. Under adverse conditions such as trace element pollution, the rhizosphere of plants can modify the soil conditions and the effects of pollutants, promote plant growth and alleviate stress in plants. Alfalfa establishes effective nitrogenfixing symbiosis with rhizobia. Besides nitrogen fixation, inoculation with rhizobial strains can result in promotion of the metal bioaccumulation within the root nodules in contaminated soil. Trace elements in the soil could be immobilized via their adsorption and/or accumulation in the plant roots and/ or by bacteria in rhizosphere, resulting in reduction of their toxicity. To evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculation of alfalfa on soil properties, two locations with different Ni content in the soil 195 mg/kg and 52 mg/kg, as well as 6 different rhizobial strains were tested. Concentrations of trace elements, total and available forms, as well as other chemical soil parameters were determined at the beginning and at the end of the vegetation period. Furthermore, the abundance and activity of specific groups of soil microorganisms in soils under the field experiment were evaluated: soil respiration, total number of microorganisms and the number of specific groups of soil microorganisms including fungi, Actinomycetes, oligonitrophiles, Azotobacter and ammonifiers. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between location and rhizobial strain used as inoculum on the total number of microorganisms, as well as number of specific groups of microorganisms including fungi, Actinomycetes and oligonitrophiles in the first and second year of the experiment, indicating that the effect of rhizobial treatment depended on the location. The soil properties also varied among treatments and the two locations. Some rhizobial treatments increased the soil respiration rate, total number of microorganisms in soil, as well as the number of one or more specific groups of microorganisms including oligonitrofiles, fungi, Actinomycetes, Azotobacter and ammonifiers, compared to the control.Item Inoculant formulation: effects of zeolite additives on alfalfa and rhizobial symbiont(Serbian Society of Soil Science, 2025-10-20) Pešić, M.; Tošić Jojević, S.; Sikirić, B.; Milinković, M.; Mrvić, V.; Andjelković, Snežana; Delić, D.; Stajković Srbinović, O.Inoculants containing rhizobial bacteria are bio-inoculants which represent microbiological N fertilizer and they contain selected highly effective and highly competitive rhizobial bacteria placed in suitable carrier. The role of carrier is to maintain the viability and efficiency of bacteria used as active agent and to increase the shelf life of inoculant. The most widespread formulation consists of peat as the rhizobia carrier and formulations of inoculants using zeolites as additives are common. Nanogranulation of the zeolite by increasing its surface would enhance its water and nutrients retention efficiency in the layer of the inoculant on inoculated seeds, making the bacteria more resistant to desiccation causing nano-carriers superiority over other carriers. In this study, 15 different inoculants were tested, five highly efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobial Ensifer meliloti strains named 218, 225, 252, 4148s and 4193cs in three different peat carriers, including peat carrier with regular zeolite, zeolite nanoparticles, or CaCO3. The initial number of rhizobial cells of all strains exceeded 109 in all formulations. After one month of storage at room temperature the number did not differ significantly among strains and formulations but after two months the number was the higher in formulation with zeolite nanoparticles >1010 for strains 252 and 4148s. This trend continued in the next 6 months. The nodulation ability and efficiency of inoculants was confirmed in the nodulation test with alfalfa after three and six months of storage, indicating good performance of all evaluated inoculant formulations, with the most performant nano zeolite as an additive.Item Значај величине семена у процесу оплемењивања крмног боба (Vicia faba L.)(Српско биолошко друштво „Стеван Јаковљевић” Крагујевац, 2025-09-17) Petrović, Mirjana; Babić, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Milenković, Jasmina; Radović, Jasmina; Sokolović, DejanПотреба за протеинима биљног порекла на глобалном нивоу је већа од 200 милиона тона. Европа и Азија не задовољавају сопствене потребе и зависне су од увоза протеина. У циљу повећања продукције кроз ефикаснију селекцију, на простору Европе и Кине, реализован је пројекат (EUCLEG – Breeding forage and grain legumes to increase EU’s and China’s protein self-sufficiency) који је за циљ имао испитивање зрнених и крмних легу- миноза на више локација и више пољопривредних зона како би се почетни материјал тестирао у што већем броју environment-a (година x локација чини један environment). Крмни боб је значајна врста због садржаја протеина у зрелом семену који се креће од 24–30%. Варијабилност семена крмног боба се огледа у различитости величинa, боје и облика. Крмни боб (220 генотипова) тестиран је у 9 environment-a (Србија три године, Шпанија, Белгија и Финска по две) по p-rep аугментативном дизајну. У односу на масу семена формиране су четири основне групе: „paucijuga” < 250 mg, „minor” < 500 mg, „equina” 500–800 mg и „major” > 800 mg; у испитиваној колекцији били су заступљени генотипови свих величина као и прелазни типови. Више од 30 особина је анализира- но у пољским и лабораторијским условима, а статистички је обрађено 9 (фенолошке, морфолошке и агрономске) и мултиваријационим методама повезане са ботаничким типом. Наши резултати су показали да вредности 9 анализираних особина зависе примарно од типа семена и да је то најзначајнији параметар у процесу селекције ове врсте. Утврђено је да „equina” и „major” тип продукују биљке са већим бројем бочних изданака, и бројним дугим махунама, док су јединке развијене из ситнијих семена високе и захтевају дужи фенолошки развој.Item Заступљеност гљива и актиномицета у земљиштима на територији Града Крушевца.(Српско биолошко друштво „Стеван Јаковљевић” Крагујевац, 2025-09-17) Andjelković, Snežana; Babić, Snežana; Milenković, Jasmina; Zornic, Vladimir; Petrović, Mirjana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Jevtić, GoranВећина земљишних микроорганизама за своје потребе захтева органске изворе хранљивих елемената и енергије, тако да земљишта са већом количином органске материје садрже и већи број микроорганизама. С друге стране, киселост земљишта директно утиче на покретљивост хранљивих материја мењајући њихову доступност за биљке и микробну популацију земљишта. Актиномицете заузимају значајни удео у земљишној микрофлори. Ови микроорганизми учествују у трансформацији органске материје, продукују различита биоактивна једињења, тако да доприносе сузбијању болести и повољно делују на раст биљака. Захваљујући свом развијеном ензиматском систе- му, сапрофитне гљиве у киселим земљиштима представљају најзначајније разлагаче органске материје. Такође, хифе повезују честице и на тај начин обезбеђују стабилност структуре и одржавају водни капацитет земљишта. Бројност гљива и актиномицета одређене су у 150 узорака пољопривредног земљишта са задовољавајућом количином органске материје киселе хемијске реакције (рН < 6,5) са територије Града Крушевца. Резултати квантитативне заступљености микрофлоре земљишта са парцела на испити- ваном подручју показују да je бројност гљива и актиномицета условљена типом земљи- шта, односно бројним факторима од којих су најрелевантнији - реакција земљишта и присуство органске материје. Кисела реакција земљишта је условила мању заступље- ност актиномицета у испитиваним земљиштима. Бројност актиномицета се кретала у распону од 3,301 до 5,431 (лог броја), a гљива од 4,699 до 5,322 (лог броја) у граму апсолутно сувог земљишта. Гљиве су заступљене у задовољавајућем броју у свим испитиваним земљиштима што је у сагласности са чињеницом да оне живе у срединама са широким распоном pH, док су актиномицете осетљиве на киселу реакцију земљишта и за њихов раст и развој погоднија су неутрална и земљишта базне хемијске реакције.Item Процена ефекта примене ризобијалних сојева на принос луцерке гајене на земљишту са повећаном концентрацијом никла(Toplička akademija strukovnih studija, 2025-04-23) Andjelković, Snežana; Pešić, M.; Tošić Jojević, S.; Sikirić, B.; Mrvić, V.; Milinković, M.; Stajković Srbinović, O.Lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je najznačajnija leguminozna vrsta za stočarstvo, a razlog za to jeste što se ova biljna vrsta odlikuje visokom hranljivom, energetskom i biološkom vrednošću. Zahvaljujući ovim osobimama lucerka se koristi i kao dodatak u ishrani humane populacije, u farmaceutskoj i kozmetičkoj industriji. Lucerka živi u simbioznoj zajednici sa rizobijalnim bakterijama pri čemu u procesu azotofiksacije može da fiksira 43-80 % potrebnog azota. Ova leguminoza može da apsobuje veliku količinu potencijalno toksičnih elemenata, što predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost da oni uđu u lanac ishrane. U sprovedenim istraživanjima ispitivan je uticaj primene sojeva Ensifer meliloti: 218, 224, G-nov, 4193cs, 217k i 252 na prinos suve mase u prvom i drugom otkosu lucerke (sorta K-28) u godini zasnivanja. Eksperiment je postavljen na oglednom polju Instituta za krmno bilje Kruševac po randomiziranom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja u proleće 2024. godine na zemljištu sa povećanom koncentracijom nikla. U prvom otkosu masa suve materije kretala se u rasponu od 151,2 do 246,8 g/m2, a u drugom otkosu od 116,6 do 286,4 g/m2. U oba otkosa, na tretmanu na kome je primenjen izolat 252 zabeležena je veća vrednost suve mase u odnosu na konrolu. Takođe, pozitivan efekat je postignut apliciranjem soja 218 u prvom i soja 4193cs u drugom otkosu. Ovo su rezultati prve faze eksperimenta, a u daljim istraživanjima analiziraće se efekat inokulacije ovim sojevima na usvajanje nikla od strane lucerke pošto pri povecanoj koncentraciji u zemljištu, raste sadržaj ovog metala u nadzemnim organima i korenu lucerke, a sa ciljem pronalaženja rešenja za proizvodnju dovoljnih količina kvalitetne i zdravstveno bezbedne stočne hrane.Item Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella: One Health perspective on global food safety challenges(Elsevier BV, 2025) Kumar, R.; Adeyemi, O. N.; Chattaraj, S.; Alloun, W.; Thamarsha, A.K.A.N.W.M.R.K.; Andjelković, Snežana; Mitra, D.; Gautam, P.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella is a major concern in terms of human health, environmental sustainability, and global food security. Salmonella, the world's most prevalent foodborne pathogen, has gradually gained resistance to important drugs, complicating treatment efforts and leading to rising morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and agriculture, inadequate regulatory compliance, and environmental pollution from agricultural runoff and treated sewage all contribute to the growth and spread of AMR in Salmonella. Health as well as viewpoints on environmental, animal, and human health will be required to address this complicated problem. This includes promoting reasonable antibiotic use, improving global surveillance systems, and researching novel treatments including phage therapy, probiotics, and new antibiotics. Proposals for vaccination and precise food safety standards are critical for limiting Salmonella transmission across the food chain. Despite significant progress, critical research gaps continue, specifically in understanding the molecular basis of resistance and the role of environmental practices. However, contemporary research endeavors are concentrated on identifying and comprehending the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella strains, elucidating the bacterium's defense mechanisms against antibiotics, and investigating outbreaks associated with vegetables. Global surveillance, the development of alternative therapies, and the implementation of stricter antibiotic policies are essential strategies in addressing AMR in Salmonella. Additionally, policy design and implementation, capacity building in low- and middle-income countries, and raising public awareness all necessitate urgent global collaboration among governments, international agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the corporate sector. Stricter regulations on overuse of antibiotics in agriculture is also called for. This review highlights the importance of multi-disciplinary struggles in engaging Salmonella, as integrated resolutions through a One Health approach are crucial for ensuring food safety, preserving public health, and minimizing the worldwide threat of AMR.Item Variability of vitamin E content in ZP popcorn hybrids(Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, 2025-09-29) Srdić, J.; Vukadinović, J.; Mladenović Drinić, S.; Nikolić, A.; Milenković, Jasmina; Kravić, N.; Anđelković, V.Vitamin E is a group of eight lipid-soluble antioxidants found in plants, divided into tocopherols and tocotrienols. As an essential nutrient, it supports seed development, stress response, and membrane protection. In humans, it helps protect cell membranes and may reduce the risk of diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer, neurological disorders and inflammation. Both tocopherols and tocotrienols exist in four isoforms: α (alpha), β (beta), γ (gamma), and δ (delta), classified based on the position of methyl groups on the chromanol ring. This study analyzed α, γ+β, and δ tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) in five popcorn hybrids grown in Zemun Polje (ZP) and Kruševac (KŠ), Serbia. The content of vitamin E was higher in Zemun Polje, indicating that environmental factors had a significant impact on the content. The average content of α-T was 5.31 μg/g dry weight (DW) at ZP and 4.27 μg/g DW at KŠ, with ranges of 3.99–7.52 μg/g DW and 3.18–5.03 μg/g DW, respectively. The highest α-T content at both locations was recorded in hybrid ZP 6119k. The average content of γ+β-T was 29.63 μg/g DW at ZP and 23.51 μg/g DW at KŠ. δ-T content ranged from 1.69–3.63 μg/g DW at ZP and from 0.89–2.25 μg/g DW at KŠ. The highest α-T3 content at both locations was found in hybrid ZP 614k (5.21 μg/g DW at ZP and 3.62 μg/g DW at KŠ). γ+β-T3 varied from 4.13–7.07 μg/g DW (ZP) and 3.29–6.99 μg/g DW (KŠ). The highest values of δ-T3 were 0.74 μg/g DW in ZP 6153k (ZP) and 0.76 μg/g DW in ZP 6119k and ZP 6170k (KŠ). Popcorn hybrids with higher Vitamin E content, especially ZP 6119k, show potential as functional foods with added health benefits for human consumption.Item Seed size and protein content in dry grains of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) lines originated from Serbian local populations(LiveSeeding, the Polytechnic University of Coimbra, and supporting organisations and projects, 2025-05-26) Milenković, Jasmina; Petrović, Mirjana; Stepić, Marija; Bekčić, Filip; Andjelković, Snežana; Zornic, Vladimir; Perović, D.In the past, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was an important legume in the Mediterranean diet for both humans and livestock. Today, however, it has largely been forgotten in Serbia. The Serbian Ministry of Agriculture currently recognizes only two commercial varieties of faba bean for animal feed (var. minor). Faba beans intended for human consumption are grown on very small plots of land, primarily for family use. The key factor for the survival of tiny local faba bean populations is the traditional preparation of faba bean tied to Lenten practices observed by Orthodox Christians. During this time, guests are offered a vegan, hummus-style dish made from faba beans. However, this dish is not prepared in all regions of Serbia, or every village. Seeds are infrequently transferred between farmers and are rarely found at the farmer’s markets, so it is feasible to believe that faba bean biodiversity in Serbia is high because maybe every farmer, which produces faba bean, has his own population. The Institute for Forage Crops Kruševac (IKBKS) has launched a research program to collect and evaluate native faba bean populations in Serbia. This collection now has approximately 30 original populations and about 60+ inbreed derived lines. According to preliminary assessments, the grain quality and grain bioactive material content are both a quite high (Milenković et al., 2024, Mitić et al., 2024). In this research, the lines were divided into two groups depending on seed size: major and equine-minor, to evaluate if grain size affects protein content. Because in Serbia the majority of local populations have a major grain size, the lines with equine and minor grain types are joined. The two-year experiment was conducted on the IKBKS plot in two repetitions using a randomized block system. The crude protein content was chemically analyzed using the Kjeldahl method. In this exploratory study, the crude protein content of the dry grain of faba bean lines was investigated in order to choose material for future work on the development of a new high-protein faba bean variety. According to the findings of this study, the protein content of the examined lines ranged between 26-31%, indicating that there is need for future research into the development of high-quality varieties for human or animal consumption. Low-input agriculture is consistent with sustainable farming goals in Serbia, and it can be especially beneficial for smallholder farmers trying to save costs while minimizing their environmental impact. Collecting and cultivating neglected and old species in conventional and organic agriculture can make a significant contribution to healthy food.Item Antimicrobial potential of the methanol and water extract of Potentilla argentea L. aerial parts and roots(Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, 2025-11-13) Duboja Krstić, A.; Novaković, M.; Pešić, S.; Stojanović, D.; Stepić, Marija; Joković, N.; Vitorović, J.Potentilla argentea L., is traditionally used in Kruševac, Serbia, as an herbal decoction for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. This study evaluated and compared the antimicrobial activity of both the plant root and aerial parts (stems, leaves and flowers). P. argentea samples were collected during two different periods: March and May. Samples were dried, ground, and subjected to ultrasonic extraction using methanol (ME) and water (AE). The aqueous extract of the root was prepared following the traditional method of tea preparation, with modifications involving 24-hour steeping in water prior to filtration, rather than immediate use as in typical preparation. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against seven American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. None of the extracts inhibited E.coli, while the strongest antimicrobial activity was observed againts S. enteritidis (0,0098/0,0098 mg/ml). ME from aerial parts exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity compared to root extracts. However, root ME exhibited greater antimicrobial activity against B. cereus compared to aerial part ME, while it showed no antimicrobial activity against E. aerogenes and P. aerogenes. No significant difference was observed between root and aerial parts ME against S. aureus and E. faecalis, though samples harvested in May exhibited greater antimicrobial acitivity in both cases. AE from roots collected in March showed no antimicrobial activity.Item Antioxidant potential of the methanol and water extract of Potentilla argentea L. aerial parts and roots(Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, 2025-11-13) Duboja Krstić, A.; Novaković, M.; Pešić, S.; Stojanović, D.; Stepić, Marija; Joković, N.; Vitorović, J.Potentilla argentea L. is traditionally used in the municipality of Kruševac, Serbia, as tea to treat stomach ailments. In this study, aerial parts (stems, leaves and flowers) and roots of P. argentea were collected in two different growth stages near the village of Ribare, Serbia. The first period of collection was during vegetative growth at the end of March and the second during the flowering phase at the end of May. Dried aerial parts and root samples were subjected to ultrasonic extraction using methanol and water as solvents. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined, along with their antioxidative potential using DPPH, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) assays. The TPC and TFC of aerial parts and root samples were not significantly different when comparing the two growth stages. Root methanol extracts (RME) exhibited the highest TPC values followed by methanol extracts of aerial parts (MEAP) and root water extract (RWE). However, TFC was higher in MEAP compared to RME and RWE. Samples collected during flowering showed better antioxidative potential in DPPH, FRAP and TAC assays to those collected during vegetative growth. RME showed the strongest antiradical activity in the DPPH assay and also exhibited higher FRAP and TAC values than MEAP. Overall, the RME obtained from flowering P. argentea displayed the most pronounced antioxidant potential. Strong antioxidant potential demonstrated by the plant through multiple assays provides scientific support for its traditional use in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.Item Expected genetic gain of the most important traits in the breeding process of the meadow fescue.(2025-09-01) Babić, Snežana; Sokolović, Dejan; Prijović, Mladen; Andjelković, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Zornic, Vladimir; Radović, JasminaMeadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is an important perennial forage grass for animal feed production on grasslands and pastures, with high yield potential and good-quality biomass. During the breeding process, it is often necessary to predict, based on the results of the initial selection cycles, how much a certain trait can be improved. To that end, it is necessary to determine the expected genetic gain (ΔGe), a parameter that tells us how much a trait can be improved by breeding it alone in the following period. Individual plants for hybridization, to obtain progeny by the method of Comstock and Robinson, were selected completely randomly. To examine the obtained progeny, the study was performed in an experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops, in two replications. The experiment was set up according to the Nested Design I, with sets within the replications. In cv. Kruševački 21 (K-21), 60 full-sib progeny were studied in two sets, while in the cv. Pradel a total of 39 full-sib progeny were studied. Within each full-sib progeny, 60 plants were analyzed. In both cultivars, the highest expected genetic gain was determined for the number of generative and vegetative tillers per plant and dry matter yield per plant. The least success can be achieved by improving the heading date and crude protein content in the 1st cut in cv. K-21, and in cv. Pradel for traits leaf length and crude protein content in the 1st cut. By breeding individual traits, based on the obtained results, a large genetic gain is expected in many studied traits. Considering the existence of correlations between the most important agronomic traits, it is observed that often, by breeding one trait, a negative response is encountered in another trait. For this reason, the expected indirect genetic gain from selection was calculated, i.e., the effect of breeding one trait on other ordered traits. In the cv. K-21, achieving the expected genetic gain in plant height, would lead to a decrease in dry matter yield and leaf length. By creating later cultivars, the result would be a cultivar with a smaller number of generative tillers and a lower protein content in the first cut. Successful breeding for increased crude protein content in the first cut of 9.9 gkg-1 would result in a significant reduction in dry matter yield, followed by a reduction in the number of vegetative and generative tillers, but also earlier maturity. In cv. Pradel, a positive effect of the selection of individual traits on other studied traits was recorded for most of the traits. The only realization of the expected genetic gain in the increase in leaf length would result in a decrease in the number of vegetative tillers per plant.Item Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A pathogen of red clover in Serbia(2025-09-01) Bekčić, Filip; Milenković, Jasmina; Babić, Snežana; Stepić, Marija; Andjelković, Snežana; Duduk, N.; Vico, I.Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in Serbia has a long history of cultivating due to its favorable growing characteristics and its high nutritional value, but it is susceptible to the variety of fungal pathogens that can limit its yield and shorten the plants lifespan. Rhizoctonia spp. represent a very important genus of phytopathogenic fungi that inhabit the soil and can infect a vast verity of cultivated plants (Vojvodić, 2021). Sampling of red clover plant F2 with symptoms of stunting and necrosis of leaves and stems was done on 05.11.2020. on red clover monoculture plot in Globoder, Serbia (43°34'56.9"N 21°12'08.2"E). Plant F2 root surface was dark colored with sporadical cracks in the root epidermis. The root cross sections showed dark brown necrotic tissue of central cylinder, which was used for pathogen isolation. Obtained isolate had an average growth of 75,67 mm after seven days at 25° C and was designated F2B. After acquiring a hyphal tip fungal colony macromorphological and micromorphological features were examined on PDA medium. The culture had a woolly structure, mycelium color was paled beige with shades of light brown, sclerotia structures were not present. Microscope examination showed septate hyphae (average width 9,3 µm) with characteristic 90° branching, constriction at the branching point and a septa in the immediate vicinity (Picture 1.). Obtained morphological features were in accordance with the features of the Rhizoctonia genus. Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed on red clover plants and detached plant parts by three pathogenicity tests. The first test consisted of detached red clover leaves inoculation and measuring of lesion diameter (average 6.23 mm), the second was inoculation of red clover stem fragments (40 mm) with measuring of necrotic stem part length (average 27,65 mm) after seven days of incubation at 25° C. The third pathogenisity test consisted of inoculation of 150 days old red clover plants in semi controlled environment (Yli-Mattila et al., 2008). Inoculation spot was on the main clover roots, about 20 mm from the plant crown and scoring was done 60 days after. Leaves and stems symptoms were visible on seven plants, but the root symptoms were present in all 12 treatment plants, while control plants remained symptomless. Average width of the root necrotic tissue was 2,36 mm and length was 24,28 mm. Species level identification was done by isolating genomic DNA followed by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) using ITS1/ITS4 primer pair. BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that isolate F2B was identical with several reference sequences of binucleate Rhizoctonia AGA deposited in NCBI GenBank. Based on morphological, pathogenic and molecular features of the isolate F2B, the pathogen of red clover that caused rot root was identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A.Item Variability and heritability of dry matter yield components of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) genotypes(2025-09-01) Sokolović, Dejan; Babić, Snežana; Radović, Jasmina; Lugić, Zoran; Prijović, MladenPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important perennial forage grasses in the northern climate. It is characterized with high quality, digestibility and dry matter yield. The aim of breeding of this species is obtaining cultivars with high stabile yield, quality and field resistance, with different time of maturity. Wild populations are good initial breeding material, which have high variability and adaptability what is important prerequisite for selection of superior genotypes. The main disadvantage of that material is lack of uniformity, which is hard to achieve before cultivar registration. In the directed breeding process, despite decreasing of some traits total variability, some desirable level of heterogeneity remain what gives the genotype better adaptability. Nevertheless, improvement of some important agronomic traits interact with value of other ones.Investigations of variability parameters (variance components and coefficients of variation) and heritability of perennial ryegrass genotypes for agronomic most important traits are shown here, as well as their correlations. Prosperous perennial ryegrass genotypes originated from wild populations were investigated in space-plant nursery (60x60cm). Time of tillering, plant height, sward diameter, number of tillers per plant, dry matter yield (DMY) and crude protein content were investigated. For plant height and DMY the highest differences between genotypic and phenotypic variance components were determined and the lowest heritability (16.4% and 25.4%), respectively. Highest heritability is determined for time of tillering (83.26%) and sward diameter (79.87%). According the data, breeding of genotypes for improvement of these traits could provide effective results in short period. Also high heritability was detected for number of tillers per plant and crude protein content.Item THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON THE QUALITY OF HONEY IN RASINA REGION FOR THE PERIOD OF 2019-2024(Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2025-10-02) Jevtić, Goran; Babić, Snežana; Andjelković, Snežana; Lazarević, Đorđe; Petrović, Mirjana; Zornic, Vladimir; Matović, K.The paper monitored the influence of weather conditions (temperature, air humidity, sunshine and rainfall) on the quality of acacia honey, meadow honey and honeydew in the period 2019- 2024. from the territory of the Rasin district in Serbia. Weather conditions were monitored both throughout the year and for 30 days during the acacia flowering. The parameters of honey quality were determined according to the methods of the Rulebook on the quality of honey and other bee products (2015). According to this rulebook, the following parameters of honey quality were determined: the amount of water, free acids, reducing sugars, sucrose, substances insoluble in water, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), diastase activity and electrical conductivity. When it comes to the weather in this period, two years stand out. One of these was 2024, dry and warm with high temperatures, low humidity and little precipitation. The other is 2023, which was warm and humid, when a high average temperature was measured, but also the highest amount of precipitation and the highest air humidity. After the weather conditions were followed 30 days since the flowering of acacia, we concluded that the year 2022 was the warmest, and that the other parameters were the highest in 2023. The weather conditions, in all three analyzed types of honey, had the greatest influence on the amount of water and the amount of free acids. In 2023, all three types of honey had the most water and the most free acids. Acacia honey had slightly more water in 2021 and less sucrose in 2023. Honeydew has an increased content of free acids and their presence in honey does not depend much on weather conditions.Item Variation of spike harvest index in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Kraljevo : Association science and business center, ''WORLD'' ; Beograd : Institute for plant protection and environment, 2025-01-30) Urošević, D.; Knežević, D.; Matković Stojišin, M.; Đurović, V.; Zornic, Vladimir; Mićanović, D.; Zečević, V.Spike harvest index (SHI) can be an indicator of partitioning assimilation into seeds vegetative biomass and wheat productivity. The aim of this study is estimation of spike harvest index variation in wheat varieties grown under different environmental conditions. Twenty genetically divergent winter wheat cultivars were included in two years which characterized different weather conditions. On the field experiment in randomized block design in three replications, the seeds of varieties were sown at the distance of 0.10 m in rows of 1.0 m length with the distance of 0.2 m. For analysis of spike harvest index determined in proportion of seed mass spike-1/mass of spike, 60 plants in full maturity stage (20 plants per replication) were used. The results showed differences of spike harvest index among varieties and between years of experiment. In the first year the variety Pobeda had the highest value of spike harvest index (80.93%) and the Evropa 90 had the lowest SHI (75.67%), while in second year of experiment, the variety Zadruga had the highest value of spike harvest index (85.00%) and the Šumadinka had the lowest SHI (75.50%). Differences of SHI in wheat varieties are due to response of genotypes to environmental factors as well as interaction of genotype/environment.